Hydrozoa source details
Schuchert, P. (2008). The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera part 3. Revue suisse de Zoologie. 115: 221-302.
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Schuchert, P.
2008
The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera part 3
Revue suisse de Zoologie
115: 221-302
Publication
This study reviews all European hydroids belonging to the filiferan families Hydractiniidae, Rhysiidae, and Stylasteridae. Stylasterids are treated only summarily because a recent, exhaustive monograph is available.
Stylactaria claviformis Bouillon, 1965 and Hydractinia calderi Bouillon,Medel, & Peña Cantero, 1997 are both regarded as junior synonyms of Hydractinia proboscidea (Hincks, 1868). Podocoryna corii Stechow, 1929 is regarded as a new junior synonym of H. borealis. Cytaeandrea polystyla Haeckel, 1879 is perhaps a synonym of Turritopsis polycirrha (Keferstein,1862). Hydractinia areolata Alder, 1862 is selected as type species for the genus Cytaeandra Haeckel, 1879. Clavopsis adriatica Graeffe, 1883a is an indeterminate species, perhaps belonging to Turritopsis dohrnii (Weismann,1883).
Eastern Atlantic
Systematics, Taxonomy
Cionistes Wright, 1861 accepted as Hydractinia Van Beneden, 1844 (basis of record)
Clava Gmelin, 1791 (redescription)
Clava cornea Wright, 1857 accepted as Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775) (source of synonymy)
Clava diffusa Allman, 1863 accepted as Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775) (source of synonymy)
Clava leptostyla L. Agassiz, 1862 accepted as Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775) (source of synonymy)
Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775) (redescription)
Clava nana Motz-Kossowska, 1905 (status source)
Clava squamata (Müller, 1776) accepted as Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775) (source of synonymy)
Clavidae McCrady, 1859 accepted as Hydractiniidae L. Agassiz, 1862 (status source)
Clavopsis Graeffe, 1883 accepted as Turritopsis McCrady, 1857 (status source)
Clavopsis adriatica Graffe, 1883 (status source)
Cytaeandra Haeckel, 1879 accepted as Podocoryna M. Sars, 1846 (subsequent type designation)
Hydractinia Van Beneden, 1844 (additional source)
Hydractinia aculeata (Wagner, 1833) (redescription)
Hydractinia allmanii Bonnevie, 1898 accepted as Schuchertinia allmanii (Bonnevie, 1898) (redescription)
Hydractinia arctica (Jäderholm, 1902) (redescription)
Hydractinia areolata Alder, 1862 accepted as Podocoryna areolata (Alder, 1862) (redescription)
Hydractinia borealis (Mayer, 1900) accepted as Podocoryna borealis (Mayer, 1900) (redescription)
Hydractinia calderi Bouillon, Medel & Peña Cantero, 1997 accepted as Hydractinia proboscidea (Hincks, 1868) (source of synonymy)
Hydractinia carica Bergh, 1887 (redescription)
Hydractinia carnea (M. Sars, 1846) accepted as Podocoryna carnea M. Sars, 1846 (basis of record)
Hydractinia claviformis (Bouillon, 1965) accepted as Hydractinia proboscidea (Hincks, 1868) (source of synonymy)
Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828) (redescription)
Hydractinia exigua (Haeckel, 1880) accepted as Podocoryna exigua (Haeckel, 1880) (redescription)
Hydractinia fucicola (Sars, 1857) accepted as Stylactis fucicola (M. Sars, 1857) (redescription)
Hydractinia grisea Leuckart, 1847 accepted as Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828) (basis of record)
Hydractinia humilis Bonnevie, 1898 (status source)
Hydractinia humilis (Hartlaub, 1905) accepted as Podocoryna humilis Hartlaub, 1905 accepted as Podocoryna tenuis (Browne, 1902) (basis of record)
Hydractinia inermis (Allman, 1872) accepted as Stylactis inermis Allman, 1872 (redescription)
Hydractinia ingolfi (Kramp, 1932) (redescription)
Hydractinia minuta Bonnevie, 1898 accepted as Hydractinia carica Bergh, 1887 (basis of record)
Hydractinia monocarpa Allman, 1876 (redescription)
Hydractinia proboscidea (Hincks, 1868) (redescription)
Hydractinia pruvoti Motz-Kossowska, 1905 accepted as Podocoryna pruvoti (Motz-Kossowska, 1905) (redescription)
Hydractinia reticulata (Wright, 1861) (basis of record)
Hydractinia sarsii (Steenstrup, 1850) (redescription)
Hydractinia serrata Kramp, 1943 accepted as Clavactinia serrata (Kramp, 1943) (redescription)
Hydractiniidae L. Agassiz, 1862 (redescription)
Podocoryna albida M. Sars, 1846 accepted as Podocoryna carnea M. Sars, 1846 (source of synonymy)
Podocoryna areolata (Alder, 1862) (redescription)
Podocoryna borealis (Mayer, 1900) (redescription)
Podocoryna carnea M. Sars, 1846 (redescription)
Podocoryna corii Stechow, 1929 accepted as Podocoryna borealis (Mayer, 1900) (source of synonymy)
Podocoryna exigua (Haeckel, 1880) (redescription)
Podocoryna hartlaubi Neppi & Stiasny, 1911 accepted as Podocoryna areolata (Alder, 1862) (status source)
Podocoryna inermis (Allman, 1872) accepted as Stylactis inermis Allman, 1872 (source of synonymy)
Podocoryne haeckelii Hamman, 1882 (source of synonymy)
Podocoryne inermis Allman, 1876 accepted as Podocoryna carnea M. Sars, 1846 (source of synonymy)
Rhysia autumnalis Brinckmann, 1965 (redescription)
Sarsia nodosa Busch, 1851 accepted as Podocoryna carnea M. Sars, 1846 (source of synonymy)
Schuchertinia allmanii (Bonnevie, 1898) (redescription)
Stylactis claviformis Bouillon, 1965 accepted as Hydractinia claviformis (Bouillon, 1965) accepted as Hydractinia proboscidea (Hincks, 1868) (source of synonymy)
Stylactis fucicola (M. Sars, 1857) (redescription)
Stylactis inermis Allman, 1872 (redescription)
Clava Gmelin, 1791 (redescription)
Clava cornea Wright, 1857 accepted as Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775) (source of synonymy)
Clava diffusa Allman, 1863 accepted as Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775) (source of synonymy)
Clava leptostyla L. Agassiz, 1862 accepted as Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775) (source of synonymy)
Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775) (redescription)
Clava nana Motz-Kossowska, 1905 (status source)
Clava squamata (Müller, 1776) accepted as Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775) (source of synonymy)
Clavidae McCrady, 1859 accepted as Hydractiniidae L. Agassiz, 1862 (status source)
Clavopsis Graeffe, 1883 accepted as Turritopsis McCrady, 1857 (status source)
Clavopsis adriatica Graffe, 1883 (status source)
Cytaeandra Haeckel, 1879 accepted as Podocoryna M. Sars, 1846 (subsequent type designation)
Hydractinia Van Beneden, 1844 (additional source)
Hydractinia aculeata (Wagner, 1833) (redescription)
Hydractinia allmanii Bonnevie, 1898 accepted as Schuchertinia allmanii (Bonnevie, 1898) (redescription)
Hydractinia arctica (Jäderholm, 1902) (redescription)
Hydractinia areolata Alder, 1862 accepted as Podocoryna areolata (Alder, 1862) (redescription)
Hydractinia borealis (Mayer, 1900) accepted as Podocoryna borealis (Mayer, 1900) (redescription)
Hydractinia calderi Bouillon, Medel & Peña Cantero, 1997 accepted as Hydractinia proboscidea (Hincks, 1868) (source of synonymy)
Hydractinia carica Bergh, 1887 (redescription)
Hydractinia carnea (M. Sars, 1846) accepted as Podocoryna carnea M. Sars, 1846 (basis of record)
Hydractinia claviformis (Bouillon, 1965) accepted as Hydractinia proboscidea (Hincks, 1868) (source of synonymy)
Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828) (redescription)
Hydractinia exigua (Haeckel, 1880) accepted as Podocoryna exigua (Haeckel, 1880) (redescription)
Hydractinia fucicola (Sars, 1857) accepted as Stylactis fucicola (M. Sars, 1857) (redescription)
Hydractinia grisea Leuckart, 1847 accepted as Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828) (basis of record)
Hydractinia humilis Bonnevie, 1898 (status source)
Hydractinia humilis (Hartlaub, 1905) accepted as Podocoryna humilis Hartlaub, 1905 accepted as Podocoryna tenuis (Browne, 1902) (basis of record)
Hydractinia inermis (Allman, 1872) accepted as Stylactis inermis Allman, 1872 (redescription)
Hydractinia ingolfi (Kramp, 1932) (redescription)
Hydractinia minuta Bonnevie, 1898 accepted as Hydractinia carica Bergh, 1887 (basis of record)
Hydractinia monocarpa Allman, 1876 (redescription)
Hydractinia proboscidea (Hincks, 1868) (redescription)
Hydractinia pruvoti Motz-Kossowska, 1905 accepted as Podocoryna pruvoti (Motz-Kossowska, 1905) (redescription)
Hydractinia reticulata (Wright, 1861) (basis of record)
Hydractinia sarsii (Steenstrup, 1850) (redescription)
Hydractinia serrata Kramp, 1943 accepted as Clavactinia serrata (Kramp, 1943) (redescription)
Hydractiniidae L. Agassiz, 1862 (redescription)
Podocoryna albida M. Sars, 1846 accepted as Podocoryna carnea M. Sars, 1846 (source of synonymy)
Podocoryna areolata (Alder, 1862) (redescription)
Podocoryna borealis (Mayer, 1900) (redescription)
Podocoryna carnea M. Sars, 1846 (redescription)
Podocoryna corii Stechow, 1929 accepted as Podocoryna borealis (Mayer, 1900) (source of synonymy)
Podocoryna exigua (Haeckel, 1880) (redescription)
Podocoryna hartlaubi Neppi & Stiasny, 1911 accepted as Podocoryna areolata (Alder, 1862) (status source)
Podocoryna inermis (Allman, 1872) accepted as Stylactis inermis Allman, 1872 (source of synonymy)
Podocoryne haeckelii Hamman, 1882 (source of synonymy)
Podocoryne inermis Allman, 1876 accepted as Podocoryna carnea M. Sars, 1846 (source of synonymy)
Rhysia autumnalis Brinckmann, 1965 (redescription)
Sarsia nodosa Busch, 1851 accepted as Podocoryna carnea M. Sars, 1846 (source of synonymy)
Schuchertinia allmanii (Bonnevie, 1898) (redescription)
Stylactis claviformis Bouillon, 1965 accepted as Hydractinia claviformis (Bouillon, 1965) accepted as Hydractinia proboscidea (Hincks, 1868) (source of synonymy)
Stylactis fucicola (M. Sars, 1857) (redescription)
Stylactis inermis Allman, 1872 (redescription)
Adriatic Sea for Hydra aculeata Wagner, 1833
British Isles for Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828)
North Atlantic for Hydractinia (Stylactis) ingolfi Kramp, 1932
Svalbard for Hydractinia monocarpa Allman, 1876
British Isles for Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828)
North Atlantic for Hydractinia (Stylactis) ingolfi Kramp, 1932
Svalbard for Hydractinia monocarpa Allman, 1876
Basionym
Name introduced as: Hydractinia (Stylactis) ingolfi Kramp, 1932a: 13, figs 5-6. [details]
Distribution
Northeastern Atlantic from the Arctic Seas south to NW Africa Includes also the North Sea and parts of the Baltic ... [details]
Status
Indeterminate species based on juvenile colony, could be Stylactis inermis Allman, 1872 [=Hydractinia inermis ... [details]
Status
Perhaps a synonym of Hydractinia echinata. [details]
Status
secondary homonym of Hydractinia reticulata (Wright, 1861) and Hydractinia reticulata (Fraser, 1938) [details]
Taxonomy
As the genus Clava is a member of the Hydractiniidae, Clavidae becomes a senior synonym of Hydractiniidae. A case ... [details]
Taxonomy
The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. Calder (1988) regarded its as a junior synonym of H. arge Clarke, ... [details]
Type locality
North Atlantic, 58°20’N 40°48’W, 3192 m depth, on Homalophiura tesselata (Verrill) (Ophiuridae) [details]
Type locality
Spitzbergen; on gastropod Boreotrophon clathratus (L.) [details]
Type locality
South-western Norway; on gastropod shells inhabited by pagurid crabs. [details]