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WoRMS taxon details

Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)

To ANSP Malacology Collection (syntype of Turbo vestita. Say, 1822. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2 (2): 241-242 - catalog no. 18403)
To ANSP Malacology Collection (syntype of Turbo vestita. Say, 1822. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2 (2): 241-242 - catalog no. 18403)

140264  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:140264)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Mollusca (Phylum)
  4. Gastropoda (Class)
  5. Caenogastropoda (Subclass)
  6. Littorinimorpha (Order)
  7. Littorinoidea (Superfamily)
  8. Littorinidae (Family)
  9. Littorininae (Subfamily)
  10. Littorina (Genus)
  11. Littorina saxatilis (Species)
accepted
Species
Litorina rudis (Maton, 1797) · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Litorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803) · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Littorina (Littorivaga) saxatile [sic] · unaccepted > incorrect grammatical agreement of specific epithet
Littorina (Littorivaga) saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) · unaccepted > superseded combination
Littorina neglecta W. Bean, 1844 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Littorina patula Thorpe, 1844 · unaccepted (dubious synonym)
Littorina rudis (Maton, 1797) · unaccepted (synonym)
Littorina saxatile [sic] · unaccepted > incorrect grammatical agreement of specific epithet
Littorina saxatile saxatile [sic] · unaccepted (wrong grammatical agreement of...)  
wrong grammatical agreement of the specific and subspecific epithets
Littorina saxatilis var. bynei Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. elata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Littorina saxatilis var. matoni Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Littorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803) · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Littorina zonaria W. Bean, 1844 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Turbo albocinctus Link, 1807 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo davidis Röding, 1798 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo diminutus Link, 1807 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo groenlandicus Röding, 1798 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo jugosus Montagu, 1803 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo tenebrosus Montagu, 1803 · unaccepted (synonym)
Turbo vestita Say, 1822 · unaccepted (synonym)

Ordering

  • Alphabetically
  • By status

Children Display

  1. Forma Littorina saxatilis f. abbreviata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  2. Forma Littorina saxatilis f. conoidea Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  3. Forma Littorina saxatilis f. elongata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  4. Forma Littorina saxatilis f. minor Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  5. Subspecies Littorina saxatilis groenlandica Menke, 1830 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  6. Subspecies Littorina saxatilis jugosa (Montagu, 1803) accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  7. Subspecies Littorina saxatilis nigrolineata Gray, 1839 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  8. Subspecies Littorina saxatilis patula Thorpe, 1844 accepted as Littorina arcana Hannaford-Ellis, 1978
  9. Subspecies Littorina saxatilis rudis (Maton, 1797) accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  10. Subspecies Littorina saxatilis scotia Graham, 1988 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  11. Subspecies Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803) accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  12. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. cinerea Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 accepted as Littorina compressa Jeffreys, 1865
  13. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. clarilineata Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  14. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. flammulata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  15. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. fulva Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  16. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. fusca Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  17. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. gascae Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  18. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. groenlandica Menke, 1830 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  19. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. hieroglyphica Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  20. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. interrupta Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  21. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. lagunae Barnes, 1993 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  22. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. lineata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  23. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. lugubris Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  24. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. miniata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina compressa Jeffreys, 1865
  25. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. nigra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  26. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. nojensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  27. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. rubra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  28. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. rubrolineata Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  29. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. rudis (Maton, 1797) accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  30. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. salvati Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  31. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. sanguinea Coen, 1933 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  32. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. sellensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  33. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. tractibus Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
  34. Variety Littorina saxatilis var. trifasciata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 accepted as Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
(of Turbo saxatilis Olivi, 1792) Olivi, G. (1792). Zoologia Adriatica, ossia catalogo ragionato degli animali del golfo e della lagune di Venezia. Bassano [G. Remondini e fl.]. [ix] + 334 + xxxii pp., 9 pls., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123881
page(s): 172; pl. 5 fig. 3 a-c [details] OpenAccess publication
Type locality contained in Italian part of the Adriatic Sea  
type locality contained in Italian part of the Adriatic Sea (origin: origin uncertain) [details]
Distribution Arctic seas to Cape May, New Jersey; Arctic seas to Puget sound  
Distribution Arctic seas to Cape May, New Jersey; Arctic seas to Puget sound [details]

Taxonomy The Littorina saxatilis complex has a great variability; the nomenclature and the systematics are very controversial.
...  
Taxonomy The Littorina saxatilis complex has a great variability; the nomenclature and the systematics are very controversial.
L. rudis is a junior synonym of Littorina saxatilis according to Raffaelli (1982).
L. tenebrosa is a brackish form of Littorina saxatilis according to Janson & Ward (1985) [details]
MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140264 on 2025-07-15
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
Gofas, Serge
2022-09-18 07:27:35Z
changed
Vinarski, Maxim

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


Nomenclature

original description (of Littorina saxoides Nardo, 1847) Nardo, G.D. (1847). Prospetto della fauna marina volgare del Veneto estuario con cenni sulle principali specie commestibili dell'Adriatico, sulle venete pesche, sulle valli, ecc. Pp. 113-156 (1-45 in reprint). <em>In: Venezia e le sue Lagune. Volume Secundo. G. Antonelli: Venezia.</em> [According to Carlo Froglia, the Prospetto and the Sinonimia were published simultaneously; the Sinonimia is here considered to have priority.]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53300268 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Turbo obligatus Say, 1822) Say, T. (1822). An account of some of the marine shells of the United States. <em>Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.</em> 2(1): 221-248; 2(2): 257-276, 302-325., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36831411
page(s): 241 [details] 

original description (of Turbo rudis Maton, 1797) Maton W.G. (1797). Observations relative chiefly to the natural history, picturesque scenery, and antiqui-ties of the Western Counties of England, made in the years 1794 and 1796. <em>Salisbury: J. Easton.</em> 1: xi+1-336.
page(s): 277 [details] 

original description (of Litorina groenlandica Menke, 1830) Menke, K. T. (1830). <i>Synopsis methodica molluscorum generum omnium et specierum earum, quae in Museo Menkeano adservantur; cum synonymia critica et novarum specierum diagnosibus</i>. Ed. 2, auctior et emendatior. Georg Uslar, Pyrmont. xvi + 168 [+ 1, errata] pp. , available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13107961
page(s): 45 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Litorina sulcata Menke, 1830) Menke, K. T. (1830). <i>Synopsis methodica molluscorum generum omnium et specierum earum, quae in Museo Menkeano adservantur; cum synonymia critica et novarum specierum diagnosibus</i>. Ed. 2, auctior et emendatior. Georg Uslar, Pyrmont. xvi + 168 [+ 1, errata] pp. , available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13107961
page(s): 45 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Littorina nigrolineata Gray, 1839) Gray, J. E. & Sowerby, G. B. I. (1839). Molluscous animals and their shells. Pp. 103-155, pls 33-34 [pp. 103-142 by J. E. Gray, 143-155 by G. B. Sowerby I]. In: <i>The zoology of Capt. Beechey's voyage, compiled from the collections on notes made by Captain Beechey, the officers and naturalist of the expedition during a voyage to the Pacific and Behring's straits in his Majesty's ship Blossom, under the command of Captain F. W. Beechey in the years 1825, 26, 27 and 28.</i> London pp. XII + 186 + 44 pl. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48931613
page(s): 140 [details] 

original description (of Litorina marmorata L. Pfeiffer, 1839) Pfeiffer, L. (1839). Beschreibung einer neuen Litorina, nebst Bemerkungen über die Konchylien des Ostseestrandes bei Travemünde. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte.</em> 5(1): 81-84., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24903986
page(s): 82 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis G. Johnston, 1842) Johnston, G. (1842). A descriptive catalogue of the gasteropodous Mollusca of Berwickshire. Part II. <em>History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club.</em> 1: 263-276. [details] 

original description (of Littorina castanea Deshayes, 1843) Deshayes, G. P.; Milne Edwards, H. (1843). <i>Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres, présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent, par J. B. P. A. de Lamarck</i>. Deuxième édition, Tome neuvième. <i>Histoire des Mollusques</i>. J. B. Baillière: Paris. 728 pp. [Deshayes sole author of the new molluscan names]. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/64019 [details] 

original description (of Littorina zonaria W. Bean, 1844) Thorpe C. (1844). <i>British marine conchology; Being a descriptive catalogue, arranged according to the Lamarckian system, of the salt water shells of Great Britain</i>. London: Edward Lumley. l + 267 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11639230
page(s): 266 [details] 

original description (of Litorina incarnata R. A. Philippi, 1846) Philippi, R. A. (1842-1850). Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig gekannter Conchylien unter Mithülfe mehrerer deutscher Conchyliologen. Cassel, T. Fischer. Vol. 1: 1-20 [1842], 21-76 [1843], 77-186 [1844], 187-204 [1845]; Vol. 2: 1-64 [1845], 65-152 [1846], 153-232 [1847] ; Vol. 3: 1-50 [1847], 51-82 [1848], 1-88 [1849], 89-138 [1850]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41582
page(s): 2: 103 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis f. elatior Middendorff, 1849) Middendorff T. A. von. (1849). Beiträge zur einer Malacozoologica Rossica, II. Aufzählung und Beschreibung der zur Meeresfauna Russlands gehörigen Einschaler. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, sixième série, Sciences naturelles.</em> 6: 329-516, pl. 1-11., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29015189
page(s): 383 [details] 

original description (of Littorina tenebrosa f. elatior Middendorff, 1849) Middendorff T. A. von. (1849). Beiträge zur einer Malacozoologica Rossica, II. Aufzählung und Beschreibung der zur Meeresfauna Russlands gehörigen Einschaler. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, sixième série, Sciences naturelles.</em> 6: 329-516, pl. 1-11., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29015189 [details] 

original description (of Littorina tenebrosa var. costulata Middendorff, 1849) Middendorff T. A. von. (1849). Beiträge zur einer Malacozoologica Rossica, II. Aufzählung und Beschreibung der zur Meeresfauna Russlands gehörigen Einschaler. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, sixième série, Sciences naturelles.</em> 6: 329-516, pl. 1-11., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29015189
page(s): 389 [details] 

original description (of Littorina tenebrosa var. rubidus Middendorff, 1849) Middendorff T. A. von. (1849). Beiträge zur einer Malacozoologica Rossica, II. Aufzählung und Beschreibung der zur Meeresfauna Russlands gehörigen Einschaler. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, sixième série, Sciences naturelles.</em> 6: 329-516, pl. 1-11., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29015189
page(s): 390 [details] 

original description (of Littorina tenebrosa var. grisolacteus Middendorff, 1849) Middendorff T. A. von. (1849). Beiträge zur einer Malacozoologica Rossica, II. Aufzählung und Beschreibung der zur Meeresfauna Russlands gehörigen Einschaler. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, sixième série, Sciences naturelles.</em> 6: 329-516, pl. 1-11., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29015189
page(s): 390 [details] 

original description (of Littorina tenebrosa var. tessellatus Middendorff, 1849) Middendorff T. A. von. (1849). Beiträge zur einer Malacozoologica Rossica, II. Aufzählung und Beschreibung der zur Meeresfauna Russlands gehörigen Einschaler. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, sixième série, Sciences naturelles.</em> 6: 329-516, pl. 1-11., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29015189
page(s): 390 [details] 

original description (of Littorina tenebrosa var. zonatus Middendorff, 1849) Middendorff T. A. von. (1849). Beiträge zur einer Malacozoologica Rossica, II. Aufzählung und Beschreibung der zur Meeresfauna Russlands gehörigen Einschaler. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, sixième série, Sciences naturelles.</em> 6: 329-516, pl. 1-11., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29015189
page(s): 390 [details] 

original description (of Littorina tenebrosa var. densecostulata Middendorff, 1849) Middendorff T. A. von. (1849). Beiträge zur einer Malacozoologica Rossica, II. Aufzählung und Beschreibung der zur Meeresfauna Russlands gehörigen Einschaler. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St-Petersbourg, sixième série, Sciences naturelles.</em> 6: 329-516, pl. 1-11., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29015189
page(s): 390 [details] 

original description (of Littorina tenebrosa var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850) Forbes, E.; Hanley, S. C. T. (1848-1853). <i>A history of British Mollusca and their shells</i>. London, van Voorst. 4 vols., 2064 pp., 203 pls. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/16341 [details] 

original description (of Littorina simplex Reeve, 1857) Reeve, L. A. (1857-1858). Monograph of the genus <i>Littorina</i>. In: <i>Conchologia iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals</i>, vol. 10, pls. 1-18 and unpaginated text. Reeve, London. [Stated dates: pls. 1-8, May 1857; 9-16, Jun. 1857; 17, 18 Oct. 1858]. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9127290 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. globosa Jeffreys, 1865) Jeffreys, J. G. (1862-1869). <i>British conchology</i>. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864]. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55187
page(s): vol. 3, p. 365-366 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. similis Jeffreys, 1865) Jeffreys, J. G. (1862-1869). <i>British conchology</i>. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864]. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55187 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. laevis Jeffreys, 1865) Jeffreys, J. G. (1862-1869). <i>British conchology</i>. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864]. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55187
page(s): 3: 365 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. zonata Daniel, 1883) Daniel, F. (1883). Faune malacologique terrestre, fluviatile et marine des environs de Brest (Finistere). <em>Journal de Conchyliologie.</em> 31: 330-391. [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. rubescens Monterosato, 1878) Monterosato, T. A. di. (1878). Enumerazione e sinonimia delle Conchiglie mediterranee. <em>Giornale di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche.</em> 13: 61-115 [December 31st, 1878]., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35333762
page(s): 83 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Littorina rudis var. finmarchia Herzenstein, 1885) Herzenstein S. (1885). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Fauna der Murmanküste und des Weissen Meeres. <i>** Materialy faune Murmanskago berega Belago morja 1</i>: 635-814 [details] 

original description (of Littorina danieli Locard, 1886) Locard, A. (1886). <i>Prodrome de malacologie française. Catalogue général des mollusques vivants de France. Mollusques marins</i>. Lyon: H. Georg & Paris: Baillière. x + 778 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10831012
page(s): 253578-580 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. brevis Dautzenberg, 1887) Dautzenberg, P. (1887). Une excursion malacologique à Saint-Lunaire (Ille-et-Vilaine) et aux environs de cette localité. <em>Bulletin de la Société d'études scientifiques de Paris.</em> 9(2): 96-122 [reprint 1-27]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60785491
page(s): 113 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. albida Dautzenberg, 1887) Dautzenberg, P. (1887). Une excursion malacologique à Saint-Lunaire (Ille-et-Vilaine) et aux environs de cette localité. <em>Bulletin de la Société d'études scientifiques de Paris.</em> 9(2): 96-122 [reprint 1-27]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60785491 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. aurantia Dautzenberg, 1887) Dautzenberg, P. (1887). Une excursion malacologique à Saint-Lunaire (Ille-et-Vilaine) et aux environs de cette localité. <em>Bulletin de la Société d'études scientifiques de Paris.</em> 9(2): 96-122 [reprint 1-27]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60785491 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. fasciata Dautzenberg, 1887) Dautzenberg, P. (1887). Une excursion malacologique à Saint-Lunaire (Ille-et-Vilaine) et aux environs de cette localité. <em>Bulletin de la Société d'études scientifiques de Paris.</em> 9(2): 96-122 [reprint 1-27]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/60785491 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. tessellata Dautzenberg, 1893) Dautzenberg, Ph. (1893). Liste des Mollusques marins recueillis à Granville et à Saint-Pair. <em>J. conchyliol.</em> XLI: 16-30. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 20 [details] 

original description (of Littorina nervillei Dautzenberg, 1893) Dautzenberg, Ph. (1893). Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Littorina provenant des côtes de la Tunisie. <em>J. conchyliol.</em> XLI: 35-36, plate I. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 35-36; pl. 1 fig. 4, 4a, 4b [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. tenebrosapallida L. E. Adams, 1896) Adams, L. E. (1896). Albino forms of <i>Littorina rudis</i> var. <i>tenebrosa</i>. <em>Journal of Conchology.</em> 8: 315., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31980894 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. sulcata Martel, 1901) Martel, H. (1901). Liste des coquilles marines, terrestres & d'eau douce recueilles aux environs de Cancale. Premiere parti - coquilles marines (suite). <em>La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes.</em> 31: 109-114; 221-222. [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. globosa Martel, 1901) Martel, H. (1901). Liste des coquilles marines, terrestres & d'eau douce recueilles aux environs de Cancale. Premiere parti - coquilles marines (suite). <em>La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes.</em> 31: 109-114; 221-222. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. lugubris Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. elata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis jugosa var. bynei Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. major Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis f. minor Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis f. abbreviata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis f. conoidea Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis f. elongata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. fusca Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. fulva Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. trifasciata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. flammulata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. lineata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555 [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. conoidea Schlesch, 1916) Schlesch, H. (1916). Faunula Littorinidae Islandiae Borealis. <em>The Naturalist. A Monthly Journal of Natural History for the North of England.</em> 1916: 279-280. [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. alticola Dacie, 1917) Dacie, J. C. (1917). Littorina littorea: A doubtful record. <em>Journal of Conchology.</em> 15(6): 179-180., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31904438
page(s): 180 [details] 

original description (of Littorina palliata var. turritella Schlesch, 1916) Schlesch, H. (1916). Faunula Littorinidae Islandiae Borealis. <em>The Naturalist. A Monthly Journal of Natural History for the North of England.</em> 1916: 279-280. [details] 

original description (of Littorina nervillei var. major Pallary, 1924) Seurat, L. G. 1924. Observations sur les limites, les faciès et les associations animales de l'étage intercotidal de la Petite Syrte (Golfe de Galees). Notes et Mémoire no tres de l'Institute Océanographique de Salammbô Tunis 3: 1-72.
page(s): 35 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis groenlandica var. sculpta Schlesch, 1931) Schlesch, H. (1931). Kleine Mitteilungen VII. <em>Archiv für Molluskenkunde.</em> 63 (4/5): 133-155, pl. 12-14., available online at https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Archiv-fuer-Molluskenkunde_63_0133-0155.pdf
page(s): 134 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. sanguinea Coen, 1933) Coen, G. (1933). Saggio di una Sylloge Molluscorum Adriaticorum. <em>Memorie del Regio Comitato Talassografico Italiano.</em> 192: i-vii, 1-186, pl. 1-10.
page(s): 30 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. interrupta Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961) Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. & Jouin, C. (1961). Etudes sure les variations de Littorina saxatilis IV. - comparaison de les points battus, au long des cotes europeenes. A. Cotes iberiques. <em>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France.</em> 86: 320-328. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. tractibus Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961) Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. & Jouin, C. (1961). Etudes sure les variations de Littorina saxatilis IV. - comparaison de les points battus, au long des cotes europeenes. A. Cotes iberiques. <em>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France.</em> 86: 320-328. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. hieroglyphica Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961) Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. & Jouin, C. (1961). Etudes sure les variations de Littorina saxatilis IV. - comparaison de les points battus, au long des cotes europeenes. A. Cotes iberiques. <em>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France.</em> 86: 320-328. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. biinterrupta Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1963) Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. & James, B. L. (1963). Etudes sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis, V. Sur des cas de variabilite extreme. <em>Cahiers de Biologie Marine.</em> 4: 1-22. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. maculata Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1963) Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. & James, B. L. (1963). Etudes sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis, V. Sur des cas de variabilite extreme. <em>Cahiers de Biologie Marine.</em> 4: 1-22. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. bizonaria James, 1963) James, B. L. (1963). Subspecies of Littorina saxatilis around Dale. <em>Field Studies.</em> 1: 30-31. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. nojensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964) Fischer, E., Gaillard, J. M. & James, B. L. (1964). Etudes sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis, VI. Quelques cas qui posent de difficiles problemes. <em>Cahiers de Biologie Marine.</em> 5: 125-171. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. sellensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964) Fischer, E., Gaillard, J. M. & James, B. L. (1964). Etudes sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis, VI. Quelques cas qui posent de difficiles problemes. <em>Cahiers de Biologie Marine.</em> 5: 125-171. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. rubrolineata Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967) Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. & Delmas, D. (1967). Sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis. 8. Les populations de la Ria de Camarinas. <em>Bulletin de la Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.</em> 38: 874-897. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. salvati Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967) Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. & Delmas, D. (1967). Sur les variations de Littorina saxatilis. 8. Les populations de la Ria de Camarinas. <em>Bulletin de la Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.</em> 38: 874-897. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis jugosa var. tenuis James, 1968) James, B. L. (1968). The characters and distribution of the subspecies and varieties of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) in Britain. <em>Cahiers de Biologie Marine.</em> 9: 143-165. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis rudis var. rudissimoides James, 1968) James, B. L. (1968). The characters and distribution of the subspecies and varieties of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) in Britain. <em>Cahiers de Biologie Marine.</em> 9: 143-165. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. rubra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971) Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. (1971). La variabilite (morphologique et physiologique) des Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) Iberiques et ses rapports avec l'ecologie. <em>Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. A. Zoologie.</em> 70: 1-90. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. gascae Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971) Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. (1971). La variabilite (morphologique et physiologique) des Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) Iberiques et ses rapports avec l'ecologie. <em>Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. A. Zoologie.</em> 70: 1-90. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. clarilineata Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971) Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. (1971). La variabilite (morphologique et physiologique) des Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) Iberiques et ses rapports avec l'ecologie. <em>Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. A. Zoologie.</em> 70: 1-90. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. nigra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971) Fischer-Piette, E. & Gaillard, J. M. (1971). La variabilite (morphologique et physiologique) des Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) Iberiques et ses rapports avec l'ecologie. <em>Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. A. Zoologie.</em> 70: 1-90. [details] 

original description (of Littorina rudis var. scotia S. M. Smith, 1979) Smith, S. M. (1979). Littorina rudis var. scotia and its adaptation to the extreme environment of Rockell (Mollusca: Gastropoda). <em>Porcupine Newsletter.</em> 1: 138-139. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. lagunae Barnes, 1993) Barnes, R. S. K. (1993). On the nature of the coastal lagoon winkles attributed to Littorina tenebrosa and Littorina saxatilis. <em>Cahiers de Biologie Marine.</em> 34: 477-495. [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis scotia Graham, 1988) Graham, A. (1988) Molluscs: prosobranch and pyramidellid gastropods. In Kermack, D.M. & Barnes, R.S.K. (Eds.) Synopsis of the British Fauna (New Series). No. 2 (Second Edition). E.J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys for the Linnean Society of London and the Estuarin (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 178 [details] 

original description (of Nerita rustica Nardo, 1847) Nardo, G.D. (1847). Prospetto della fauna marina volgare del Veneto estuario con cenni sulle principali specie commestibili dell'Adriatico, sulle venete pesche, sulle valli, ecc. Pp. 113-156 (1-45 in reprint). <em>In: Venezia e le sue Lagune. Volume Secundo. G. Antonelli: Venezia.</em> [According to Carlo Froglia, the Prospetto and the Sinonimia were published simultaneously; the Sinonimia is here considered to have priority.]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/53300268 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Turbo albocinctus Link, 1807) Link, D. H. F. (1806-1808). Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock. Adlers Erben. 1, pp. 1-50 [1806]; 2, pp. 51-100 [1807]; 3, pp. 101-165 [1807]; 4, pp. 1-30 [1807]; 5, pp. 1-38 [1808]; 6, pp. 1-38 [1808]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43301237
page(s): 134 [details] 

original description (of Turbo davidis Röding, 1798) Röding, P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg, viii + 199 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16230659
page(s): 88 [details] 

original description (of Turbo diminutus Link, 1807) Link, D. H. F. (1806-1808). Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock. Adlers Erben. 1, pp. 1-50 [1806]; 2, pp. 51-100 [1807]; 3, pp. 101-165 [1807]; 4, pp. 1-30 [1807]; 5, pp. 1-38 [1808]; 6, pp. 1-38 [1808]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43301237
page(s): 134 [details] 

original description (of Turbo groenlandicus Röding, 1798) Röding, P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg, viii + 199 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16230659
page(s): vol. 2, p. 88 [details] 

original description (of Littorina neglecta W. Bean, 1844) Thorpe C. (1844). <i>British marine conchology; Being a descriptive catalogue, arranged according to the Lamarckian system, of the salt water shells of Great Britain</i>. London: Edward Lumley. l + 267 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11639230
page(s): 266 [details] 

original description (of Littorina patula Thorpe, 1844) Thorpe C. (1844). <i>British marine conchology; Being a descriptive catalogue, arranged according to the Lamarckian system, of the salt water shells of Great Britain</i>. London: Edward Lumley. l + 267 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11639230
page(s): 259; fig. 7 [details] 

original description (of Turbo jugosus Montagu, 1803) Montagu, G. (1803). Testacea Britannica or natural history of British shells, marine, land, and fresh-water, including the most minute: Systematically arranged and embellished with figures. J. White, London, Vol. 1, xxxvii + 291 pp.; Vol. 2, pp. 293–606, pl. 1-16., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78694
page(s): 586-588, pl. 20, fig. 7 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Turbo saxatilis Olivi, 1792) Olivi, G. (1792). Zoologia Adriatica, ossia catalogo ragionato degli animali del golfo e della lagune di Venezia. Bassano [G. Remondini e fl.]. [ix] + 334 + xxxii pp., 9 pls., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123881
page(s): 172; pl. 5 fig. 3 a-c [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Litorina tenebrosa var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850) Forbes, E.; Hanley, S. C. T. (1848-1853). <i>A history of British Mollusca and their shells</i>. London, van Voorst. 4 vols., 2064 pp., 203 pls. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/16341
page(s): 41; pl. 83 fig. 4 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850) Forbes, E.; Hanley, S. C. T. (1848-1853). <i>A history of British Mollusca and their shells</i>. London, van Voorst. 4 vols., 2064 pp., 203 pls. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/16341
page(s): 41; pl. 83 fig. 4 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. similis Jeffreys, 1865) Jeffreys, J. G. (1862-1869). <i>British conchology</i>. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864]. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55187
page(s): vol. 3, p. 365-366 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. laevis Jeffreys, 1865) Jeffreys, J. G. (1862-1869). <i>British conchology</i>. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864]. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55187
page(s): vol. 3, p. 365-366 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. tessellata Dautzenberg, 1893) Dautzenberg, Ph. (1893). Liste des Mollusques marins recueillis à Granville et à Saint-Pair. <em>J. conchyliol.</em> XLI: 16-30. (look up in IMIS) [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. sanguinea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900) Dautzenberg, Ph.; Durouchoux, P. (1900). Faunule malacologique des environs de Saint-Malo. Feuille jeunes nat. 30: 39-62 (look up in IMIS) [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. lutea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900) Dautzenberg, Ph.; Durouchoux, P. (1900). Faunule malacologique des environs de Saint-Malo. Feuille jeunes nat. 30: 39-62 (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 46 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. bynei Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555
page(s): 195, pl. 9, figs 22, 23, 26, 27 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. elata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555
page(s): 194, pl. 9, fig. 15 [details] 

original description (of Littorina saxatilis var. matoni Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912) Dautzenberg, P. & Fischer, H. (1912). <i>Mollusques provenant des campagnes de l'Hirondelle et de la Princesse-Alice dans les Mers du Nord</i>. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 37: 1-629, 11 plates. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40217555
page(s): 197, pl. 9, fig. 32 [details] 

original description (of Turbo tenebrosus Montagu, 1803) Montagu, G. (1803). Testacea Britannica or natural history of British shells, marine, land, and fresh-water, including the most minute: Systematically arranged and embellished with figures. J. White, London, Vol. 1, xxxvii + 291 pp.; Vol. 2, pp. 293–606, pl. 1-16., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78694
page(s): 303-304, pl. 20, fig. 4 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Turbo vestita Say, 1822) Say, T. (1822). An account of some of the marine shells of the United States. <em>Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.</em> 2(1): 221-248; 2(2): 257-276, 302-325., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36831411
page(s): 241 [details] 

basis of record Reid, D. G. (1996). Systematics and evolution of <i>Littorina</i>. <em>The Ray Society.</em> 463p. [details] 

Other

context source (Introduced species) Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. <em>BioInvasions Records.</em> 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

context source (Schelde) van Eck, G. Th. M.; Holzhauer, H. (2007). Monitoring van de effecten van de verruiming 48'/43': MOVE eindrapport 2006 (Rapport 10). <em>Rapport RIKZ = Report RIKZ, 2007.003. RIKZ: Middelburg.</em> 64 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] 

additional source Reid, D. G. (1989). The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod family Littorinidae. <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B.</em> 324: 1-110., available online at https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.1989.0040 [details] 

additional source Zenetos, A., M.E. Cinar, M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou, J.G. Harmelin, G. Furnari, F. Andaloro, N. Bellou, N. Streftaris & H. Zibrowius. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Zenetos, A., S. Gofas, M. Verlaque, M. Cinar, J. Garcia Raso, C. Bianchi, C. Morri, E. Azzurro, M. Bilecenoglu, C. Froglia, I. Siokou, D. Violanti, A. Sfriso, G. San Martin, A. Giangrande, T. Katagan, E. Ballesteros, A. Ramos-Espla, F. Mastrototaro, O. Ocana, A. Zingone, M,. Gambi & N. Streftaris. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 11(2): 381-493., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.87 [details] OpenAccess publication

additional source Janson K. 1985. A morphologic and genetic analysis of <i>Littorina saxatilis</i> (Prosobranchia) from Venice, and on the problem of <i>saxatilis-rudis</i> nomenclature. <i>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>, 24(1): 51-59. [details] 

additional source Marchini, A., J. Ferrario, A. Sfriso & A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi. (2015). Current status and trends of biological invasions in the Lagoon of Venice, a hotspot of marine NIS introductions in the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Biological Invasions.</em> 17:2943–2962., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-0922-3 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Anonymous. (1933). A statistical test of the species concept in <i>Littorina</i>. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 46(3): 106., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8519461 [details] 

biology source Tepolt, C. K. (2014). Adaptation in marine invasion: a genetic perspective. <em>Biological Invasions.</em> 17(3): 887-903., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0825-8
note: Here, I review evidence for adaptation in marine invasion, considering both quantitative and genetic studies. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

 
 Present  Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio   Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

From regional or thematic species database
Introduced species vector dispersal in Italian part of the Adriatic Sea (Marine Region) : Shipping [details]

Unreviewed
Dimensions maximum size of 6 to 15 mm [details]

Distribution Arctic seas to Cape May, New Jersey; Arctic seas to Puget sound [details]

Habitat supralittoral, intertidal, bathyal, infralittoral and circalittoral of the Gulf and estuary [details]

Taxonomy The Littorina saxatilis complex has a great variability; the nomenclature and the systematics are very controversial.
L. rudis is a junior synonym of Littorina saxatilis according to Raffaelli (1982).
L. tenebrosa is a brackish form of Littorina saxatilis according to Janson & Ward (1985) [details]
    Definitions

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LanguageName 
Danish ungefødende strandsnegl [from synonym]  [details]
Dutch vergeten alikruikvale alikruikruwe alikruikechte ruwe alikruik [from synonym]donkere alikruikbrakwateralikruik [from synonym]  [details]
English rough periwinkleblack-lined periwinkle  [details]
French littorine rugueuselittorine des rochers  [details]
German Spitze Strandschneckerauher StrandschneckeRaue Strandschneckekleine Strandschnecke [from synonym]dunkle Strandschnecke  [details]
Norwegian Bokmål steinsnegl  [details]
Norwegian Nynorsk steinsnigel  [details]
Swedish vivipar strandsnäcka  [details]
Marine Life Information Network - UK 
To ANSP Malacology Collection (syntype of Turbo vestita. Say, 1822. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2 (2): 241-242 - catalog no. 18403) (from synonym Turbo vestita Say, 1822)
To ANSP Malacology Collection (syntypes of Turbo obligatus. Say, 1822. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2 (2): 241 - catalog no. 18387) (from synonym Turbo obligatus Say, 1822)
To Barcode of Life (231 barcodes) (from synonym Littorina saxatilis G. Johnston, 1842)
To Barcode of Life (231 barcodes) 
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Littorina danieli Locard, 1886)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Littorina saxatilis groenlandica Menke, 1830)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Turbo groenlandicus Röding, 1798)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (14 publications) (from synonym Littorina nigrolineata Gray, 1839)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (19 publications) (from synonym Turbo obligatus Say, 1822)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (19 publications) (from synonym Littorina zonaria W. Bean, 1844)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications) (from synonym Turbo rudissimus G. Johnston, 1842)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (24 publications) (from synonym Littorina neglecta W. Bean, 1844)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (26 publications) (from synonym Turbo jugosus Montagu, 1803)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (27 publications) (from synonym Littorina castanea Deshayes, 1843)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Littorina saxatilis rudis (Maton, 1797))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Littorina simplex Reeve, 1857)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (39 publications) (from synonym Littorina groenlandica Menke, 1830)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (475 publications) (from synonym Littorina rudis (Maton, 1797))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (48 publications) (from synonym Turbo tenebrosus Montagu, 1803)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (5 publications) (from synonym Turbo diminutus Link, 1807)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (55 publications) (from synonym Littorina patula Thorpe, 1844)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (90 publications) (from synonym Turbo rudis Maton, 1797)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (96 publications) (from synonym Littorina saxatilis G. Johnston, 1842)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (96 publications) (from synonym Littorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (96 publications) 
To Dyntaxa 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Littorina nigrolineata) (from synonym Littorina nigrolineata Gray, 1839)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Littorina saxatilis) (from synonym Littorina saxatilis G. Johnston, 1842)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Littorina saxatilis) 
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI) 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) Bailiwick of Guernsey, Herm, Shell Beach , live on... 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) Bailiwick of Guernsey, Herm, Shell Beach) 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) Bailiwick of Guernsey, Herm, Shell Beach) 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) France, Bretagne, Finistère, Plouarzel, Plage de R... 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) France, Bretagne, Ille-et-Vilaine, Dinard, beached... 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) Iceland, Norðurland eystra, Kopasker, beached, col... 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) Ireland, Cork, Bantry Bay, beached, collected Nove... 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) Spain, Canarias, Fuerteventura, Caleta del Rio, sh... 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) Spain, Galicia, Pontevedra, Islas Cies, beached, c... 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) Tunisia, Sfax, Nles Kerkennah, Nle Gharbi, Sidi Yo... 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)) 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)) 
To Malacopics (Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)) 
To MNHN Type collection (IM 2000-5736) (from synonym Littorina danieli Locard, 1886)
To NMNH Extant Collection (USNM 1437288) 
To NMNH Extant Collection (USNM 1437290) 
To PESI 
To PESI (from synonym Littorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803))
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. rudis (Maton, 1797))
To PESI (from synonym Littorina groenlandica Menke, 1830)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. groenlandica Menke, 1830)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina rudis (Maton, 1797))
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxoides Nardo, 1847)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina rudis var. albida Dautzenberg, 1887)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina rudis var. aurantia Dautzenberg, 1887)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina nervillei Dautzenberg, 1893)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. fusca Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. fulva Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. trifasciata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. flammulata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. lineata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina simplex Reeve, 1857)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina rudis var. globosa Jeffreys, 1865)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina zonaria W. Bean, 1844)
To PESI (from synonym Turbo rudissimus G. Johnston, 1842)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina danieli Locard, 1886)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina castanea Deshayes, 1843)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis G. Johnston, 1842)
To PESI (from synonym Turbo rudis Maton, 1797)
To PESI (from synonym Litorina groenlandica Menke, 1830)
To PESI (from synonym Litorina sulcata Menke, 1830)
To PESI (from synonym Turbo obligatus Say, 1822)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina nigrolineata Gray, 1839)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina patula Thorpe, 1844)
To PESI (from synonym Turbo albocinctus Link, 1807)
To PESI (from synonym Turbo davidis Röding, 1798)
To PESI (from synonym Turbo diminutus Link, 1807)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina neglecta W. Bean, 1844)
To PESI (from synonym Litorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803))
To PESI (from synonym Litorina tenebrosa var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. similis Jeffreys, 1865)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. laevis Jeffreys, 1865)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. tessellata Dautzenberg, 1893)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. sanguinea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. lutea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. bynei Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. elata Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912)
To PESI (from synonym Littorina saxatilis var. matoni Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912)
To PESI (from synonym Turbo tenebrosus Montagu, 1803)
To PESI (from synonym Turbo vestita Say, 1822)
To PESI (from synonym Turbo jugosus Montagu, 1803)
To PESI (from synonym Turbo saxatilis Olivi, 1792)
To PESI (from synonym Turbo groenlandicus Röding, 1798)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection (from synonym Litorina incarnata R. A. Philippi, 1846)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection (from synonym Littorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803))
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection 
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection 
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 031966) 
To ITIS
From editor or global species database
Unreviewed
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