We report and describe material of Didiscus Dendy, 1922 (Demospongiae: Axinellida) collected from the coast of Ceará State (Brazil): Didiscus pinheiroi sp. nov. and Didiscus oxeatus Hechtel, 1983. Didiscus oxeatus is redescribed, representing its first record from Ceará State. The new species was compared with all 11 previously accepted Didiscus species, differing from them by a unique combination of features, including smooth oxeas (present in two categories), strongyles, tylostyles and didiscorhabds with a structure similar to a fencing sword. An identification key for all 12 species herein known of Didiscus is provided.