Bergquist, P.R.; Sinclair, M.E.; Hogg, J.J. (1970). Adaptation to intertidal existence: reproductive cycle and larval behaviour in Demospongiae. In: Fry WG (ed) The Biology of the Porifera. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, Academic Press London. 25, 247-271.

277301

Bergquist, P.R.; Sinclair, M.E.; Hogg, J.J.

1970

25, 247-271

Publication

Proceedings of the 1st international Sponge Conference

Available for editors   [request]

A review of published data on sponge larval behaviour, together with new data, con- firms that the pattern of diversity of such behaviour reflects more closely the micro- environmental requirements of adult sponges than their taxonomic placings. The inter- tidal distribution of sponges is not merely the result of selective mortality following unselective settlement. Attention is drawn to earlier reports of asexual development of free-swimming larvae. The existence of this phenomenon has not been generally accepted. However, in all species of intertidal Ceractinomorpha that we have studied, asexual development is the predominant pathway of larval production. Thus, in these species, dependence upon fertilization is minimized without forfeiture of the larval stage. Several mech- anisms of asexual development, including gemmule production, are described for three common intertidal tetractinomorph sponges.

Life history

Porifera

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