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Porifera name detailsSpongia dichotoma Linnaeus, 1767
193593 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:193593)
unaccepted (genus transfer)
Species
marine,
recent only
Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature: according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places. Ed. 12. 1., Animal Kingdom. 1 & 2]. <em>Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii.</em> pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83650#5
page(s): 1299 [details]
Nomenclature This is not Spongia dichotoma sensu Hudson (1762), which is a (junior) synonym of the alga Codium tomentosum Stackhouse,...
Nomenclature This is not Spongia dichotoma sensu Hudson (1762), which is a (junior) synonym of the alga Codium tomentosum Stackhouse, 1797. Algal names and sponge names do not enter in homonomy, so no replacement name is warranted. [details] Taxonomy De Weerdt (1986) described a specimen from the ZMUC collection labeled Spongia dichotoma, which she suggested could be...
Taxonomy De Weerdt (1986) described a specimen from the ZMUC collection labeled Spongia dichotoma, which she suggested could be Linnaeus' type. It conformed to Haliclona (Haliclona) oculata. However, the locality of the specimen was Newport, Rhode Island, while Linnaeus' specimen was quoted (on p. 1299) to be from Norway. This information was attributed to Gunnerus, 1768 (p. 79, pl. V fig. 1). In fact, the Animal Base website, quotes Gunnerus as the original author of Spongia dichotoma, but apparently Linnaeus had a preview of Gunnerus' work, since he cites the name in 1767 wheras Gunnerus' work is dated 1768 on the front page. The combination Spongia dichotoma is also used in Algae taxonomy, as authored by Hudson, 1762. Botanical and Zoological names are governed by different rules, and the same combinations are not regarded as homonyms. [details]
de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2025). World Porifera Database. Spongia dichotoma Linnaeus, 1767. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=193593 on 2026-01-22
Date action by
original description
Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature: according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places. Ed. 12. 1., Animal Kingdom. 1 & 2]. <em>Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii.</em> pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83650#5
page(s): 1299 [details] additional source Ellis, J.; Solander, D. (1786). The Natural History of many curious and uncommon Zoophytes, collected from various parts of the Globe. Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. 4.(Benjamin White & Son: London): 1-206, pls 1-63., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41943909 page(s): 187 [details]  additional source Montagu, G. (1814 [1818]). An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. <em>Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society.</em> 2(1): 67-122, pls III-XVI., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45847761 page(s): 82 [details] additional source Müller, O.F. (1776). Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum characters, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. [Prodromus of Danish Zoology, or the characters, names, and synonyms of the indigenous animals of Denmark and Norway, especially of the popular ones.]. <em>Typis Hallageriis, Havniae.</em> 32: 1-282., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47550 page(s): 256 [details] additional source Olivi, G. (1792). Zoologia Adriatica, ossia catalogo ragionato degli animali del golfo e della lagune di Venezia. Bassano [G. Remondini e fl.]. [ix] + 334 + xxxii pp., 9 pls., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123881 page(s): 262 [details] additional source Gunnerus, J.E. (1768). Om adskillige Søe-Svampe. <em>Det Trondhiemske Selskabs Skrifter.</em> 4: 74-80, Tab. III-VI, XV [= 3-6, 15]. Kiøbenhavn. [details] additional source Esper, E.J.C. (1794). Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Zweyter Theil. (Raspe: Nürnberg): 1-303. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50841660 page(s): 203-205 [details]  Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Nomenclature This is not Spongia dichotoma sensu Hudson (1762), which is a (junior) synonym of the alga Codium tomentosum Stackhouse, 1797. Algal names and sponge names do not enter in homonomy, so no replacement name is warranted. [details]Taxonomy De Weerdt (1986) described a specimen from the ZMUC collection labeled Spongia dichotoma, which she suggested could be Linnaeus' type. It conformed to Haliclona (Haliclona) oculata. However, the locality of the specimen was Newport, Rhode Island, while Linnaeus' specimen was quoted (on p. 1299) to be from Norway. This information was attributed to Gunnerus, 1768 (p. 79, pl. V fig. 1). In fact, the Animal Base website, quotes Gunnerus as the original author of Spongia dichotoma, but apparently Linnaeus had a preview of Gunnerus' work, since he cites the name in 1767 wheras Gunnerus' work is dated 1768 on the front page. The combination Spongia dichotoma is also used in Algae taxonomy, as authored by Hudson, 1762. Botanical and Zoological names are governed by different rules, and the same combinations are not regarded as homonyms. [details] From editor or global species database
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