WoRMS source details

Vervoort, W., & Watson, J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1-538.
39032
Vervoort, W. & Watson, J.E.
2003
The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids)
NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119
ISSN 0083–7908; 119, p:1-540
Publication
This memoir deals with the New Zealand Leptolida Leptothecatae (formerly named Hydroida Thecaphora, also referred to as Hydroida Leptomedusae and colloquially known as thecate hydroids), based on collections of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute (now incorporated in NIWA - the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research), Wellington; the National Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington; the Otago Museum, Dunedin; and the Portobello Marine Biological Station of the University of Otago, Dunedin. About 300 species are discussed and where necessary described and figured. This group of animals was the subject of a thorough survey by Dr. Patricia M. Ralph in the years 1957-1961 but largely based on shore-based collections, only a small portion of her material coming from deeper waters. The present survey covers a much wider area, extending into deep waters and dealing with a greatly increased number of species. In many cases the number of specimens studied was much larger than the comparatively modest number of samples at Dr. Ralph's disposal, so our views in certain cases differ from hers. Nevertheless we have closely followed Dr. Ralph's discussion, having access to the major part of her collections. The number of new species in the extensive collections is considerable, some 45 being described. The taxonomic part of the present report is preceded by introductory paragraphs including an historical introduction, a paragraph highlighting the general structure of Leptothecatae and a glossary. Descriptors: Cladocarpoides fertilis, Cladocarpus longicarpa, Cladocarpus rostriformis Family Lafoeidae-Zygophylacinae Zygophylax binematophoratus Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Zygophylax parapacificus Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Zygophylax polycarpa Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Zygophylax pseudafricanus Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Family Haleciidae Halecium plicatocarpum Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Family Sertulariidae Crateritheca bidens Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Dictyocladium amplexum Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Dictyocladium thuja Vervoort & Watson, 2003 New genus Gigantotheca New species: Gigantotheca maxima Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Gigantotheca raukumarai Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Gonaxia australis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Gonaxia grandis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Gonaxia immersa Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Gonaxia intercalata Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Salacia macer Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Sertularella stolonifera Vervoort & Watson, 2003 ?Staurotheca megalotheca Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Symplectoscyphus amoenus Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Symplectoscyphus candelabrum Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Symplectoscyphus howensis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Symplectoscyphus macroscyphus Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Symplectoscyphus odontiferus Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Symplectoscyphus spiraliformis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Tasmanaria pacifica Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Family Thyroscyphidae Symmetroscyphus australis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Family Syntheciidae Synthecium brucei Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Synthecium gordoni Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Family Aglaopheniidae Aglaophenia difficilis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Aglaophenia digitulus Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Aglaophenia hystrix Vervoort & Watson, 2003 Aglaophenia subspiralis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 New genus
Systematics, Taxonomy
Zoogeography, Biogeography (generalities), Geographic distribution
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Acryptolaria gracilis (Allman, 1888) (redescription)
Acryptolaria minima Totton, 1930 (redescription)
Aglaophenia difficilis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Aglaophenia digitulus Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Aglaophenia hystrix Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Aglaophenia laxa Allman, 1876 (redescription)
Aglaophenia subspiralis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Antennella serrata Totton, 1930 accepted as Antennella quadriaurita Ritchie, 1909 (subsequent type designation)
Antennella serrata Totton, 1930 accepted as Antennella quadriaurita Ritchie, 1909 (source of synonymy)
Billardia hyalina Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Campanularia hicksoni Totton, 1930 (redescription)
Carpocladus Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Carpocladus fertilis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Cladocarpus longicarpa (Vervoort & Watson, 2003) accepted as Wanglaophenia longicarpa Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Corhiza splendens Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Crateritheca bidens Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Crateritheca billardi (Bale, 1915) (redescription)
Cryptolaria prima Busk, 1857 (redescription)
Desmoscyphus buskii Allman, 1876 accepted as Salacia bicalycula (Coughtrey, 1876) (source of synonymy)
Dictyocladium amplexum Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Dictyocladium dichotomum Allman, 1888 accepted as Dictyocladium reticulatum (Kirchenpauer, 1884) (source of synonymy)
Dictyocladium monilifer (Hutton, 1873) (redescription)
Dictyocladium reticulatum (Kirchenpauer, 1884) (redescription)
Dictyocladium thuja Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Dictyocladium watsonae (Vervoort, 1993) (new combination reference)
Diphasia subcarinata (Busk, 1852) (redescription)
Dynamena abietenoides Gray, 1843 accepted as Stereotheca elongata (Lamouroux, 1816) (source of synonymy)
Gigantotheca Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Gigantotheca maxima Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Gigantotheca raukumarai Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Gonaxia australis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Gonaxia constricta (Totton, 1930) (additional source)
Gonaxia grandis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Gonaxia immersa Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Gonaxia intercalata Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Gonaxia tasmanica Watson & Vervoort, 2001 (original description)
Gymnangium comes (Briggs, 1939) (basis of record)
Gymnangium expansum (Jäderholm, 1903) (additional source)
Gymnangium expansum (Jäderholm, 1903) (redescription)
Gymnangium explorationis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Gymnangium goniodes (Briggs, 1915) (basis of record)
Gymnangium insigne (Allman, 1874) (basis of record)
Gymnangium prolifer (Bale, 1882) (redescription)
Gymnangium regalis (Totton, 1930) accepted as Gymnangium prolifer (Bale, 1882) (source of synonymy)
Gymnangium setosum (Armstrong, 1879) accepted as Gymnangium eximium (Allman, 1874) accepted as Taxella eximia Allman, 1874 (source of synonymy)
Gymnangium tubulifer (Bale, 1914) accepted as Gymnangium tubuliferum (Bale, 1914) (basis of record)
Gymnangium tubuliferum (Bale, 1914) (redescription)
Gymnangium twistum (Rho & Park, 1984) accepted as Gymnangium vegae (Jäderholm, 1903) (source of synonymy)
Halecium expansum Trebilcock, 1928 (redescription)
Halecium plicatocarpum Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Halicornaria regalis Totton, 1930 accepted as Gymnangium prolifer (Bale, 1882) (basis of record)
Halicornaria twista Rho & Park, 1984 accepted as Gymnangium vegae (Jäderholm, 1903) (source of synonymy)
Halopteris prominens Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Hincksella sibogae Billard, 1918 (redescription)
Hydrodendron tottoni Rees & Vervoort, 1987 (original description)
Lytocarpia alata Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Lytocarpia chiltoni (Bale, 1924) (redescription)
Lytocarpia epizoica Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Lytocarpia incisa (Coughtrey, 1875) (redescription)
Lytocarpia rigida Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Lytocarpia similis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (additional source)
Lytocarpia spiralis (Totton, 1930) (additional source)
Lytocarpia striata Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Lytocarpia subdichotoma (Ralph, 1961) (redescription)
Lytocarpia tenuissima (Bale, 1914) (redescription)
Lytocarpia vulgaris Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Lytocarpus nuttingi Hargitt, 1927 accepted as Aglaophenia whiteleggei Bale, 1888 (source of synonymy)
Macrorhynchia nuttingi (Hargitt, 1927) accepted as Aglaophenia whiteleggei Bale, 1888 (source of synonymy)
Nemertesia ciliata Bale, 1914 (redescription)
Nemertesia pinnatatifida Vervoort & Watson, 2003 accepted as Nemertesia pinnatifida Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Nemertesia pinnatifida Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Orthopyxis affabilis Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Orthopyxis mollis (Stechow, 1919) (redescription)
Parascyphus simplex (Lamouroux, 1816) (redescription)
Plumularia anonyma Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Plumularia brachiata Totton, 1930 accepted as Plumularia mula Totton, 1936 (redescription)
Plumularia congregata Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Plumularia wattsi Bale, 1887 (redescription)
Pycnotheca biseptata (Blackburn, 1938) (basis of record)
Pycnotheca mirabilis (Allman, 1883) (redescription)
Pycnotheca mirabilis var. mirabilis (Allman, 1883) (basis of record)
Pycnotheca mirabilis warreni Totton, 1930 (basis of record)
Pycnotheca producta (Bale, 1882) (additional source)
Salacia bicalycula (Coughtrey, 1876) (redescription)
Salacia bicalycula spiralis (Trebilcock, 1928) accepted as Salacia spiralis (Trebilcock, 1928) (basis of record)
Salacia farquhari (Bale, 1924) (redescription)
Salacia macer Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Salacia masser Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Sertularella areyi Nutting, 1904 (redescription)
Sertularella crassiuscula Bale, 1924 (redescription)
Sertularella erratum Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Sertularella fusiformis var. nana Hartlaub, 1901 accepted as Sertularella simplex (Hutton, 1873) (source of synonymy)
Sertularella integra Allman, 1876 (redescription)
Sertularella intricata Billard, 1919 accepted as Sertularella integra Allman, 1876 (source of synonymy)
Sertularella leiocarpa (Allman, 1888) (redescription)
Sertularella ramosa Thompson, 1879 (status source)
Sertularella richardsoni Ralph, 1961 accepted as Sertularella integra Allman, 1876 (source of synonymy)
Sertularella robusta Coughtrey, 1876 accepted as Sertularella quasiplana Trebilcock, 1928 (redescription)
Sertularella sinensis Jäderholm, 1896 (redescription)
Sertularella stolonifera Vervoort & Watson, 2003 (original description)
Cape of Good Hope for Antennularia cymodocea Busk, 1851 
Foveaux Strait for Thuiaria spiralis Trebilcock, 1928 
Island Bay for Sertularia trispinosa Coughtrey, 1875 
New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone for Cryptolaria prima Busk, 1857 
Port Curtis for Thuiaria quadridens Bale, 1884 
Port Phillip Bay for Sertularella rentoni Bartlett, 1907 
Sydney for Dynamena fasciculata Kirchenpauer, 1864 
Three Kings Islands for Antennella serrata Totton, 1930 
Three Kings-North Cape for Wanglaophenia rostrifrons Vervoort & Watson, 2003 
 Biology

Hydroid produces a short-lived medusoid. [details]

 Lectotype

Type locality: Australia, Victoria, Queenscliff (Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 227), implicit lectotype designation [details]

 Status

Morphologically not separable from P. mirabilis, may differ in biology (? P. producta is epiphytic; P. mirabilis ... [details]

 Status

Likely conspecific with Salacia bicalycula (Coughtrey, 1876) [details]

 Status

Perhaps conspecific with Sertularella integra Allman, 1876, see Vervoort & Watson (2003: 170) [details]

 Type locality

Australia, Victoria, Queenscliff  [details]

 Type material

Dynamena fasciculata: Kirchenpauer lists the species from Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,and from New Zealand. ... [details]