MSBIAS taxon details
Metridium dianthus (Ellis, 1768)
158251 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:158251)
accepted
Species
marine, terrestrial
(of ) Ellis, J. (1768). An account of the Actinia Sociata or clustered animal-flower, lately found on the sea-coast of the new ceded island. In a letter from John Ellis... to the Right honourable the Earl of Hillsborough. <em>Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond.</em> 57 2: 428-437., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51098406#page/489/mode/1up
page(s): 436 [details]
page(s): 436 [details]
Rodríguez, E.; Fautin, D; Daly, M. (2025). World List of Actiniaria. Metridium dianthus (Ellis, 1768). Accessed through: The UK Marine Environmental Data and Information Network (2025) Marine Species of the British Isles and Adjacent Seas (MSBIAS): a checklist of species derived from the UNICORN and Marine Recorder applications at: https://www.marinespecies.org/msbias/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=158251 on 2025-06-05
The UK Marine Environmental Data and Information Network (2025). Marine Species of the British Isles and Adjacent Seas (MSBIAS): a checklist of species derived from the UNICORN and Marine Recorder applications. Metridium dianthus (Ellis, 1768). Accessed at: https://marinespecies.org/Msbias/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=158251 on 2025-06-05
Date
action
by
original description
(of ) Ellis, J. (1768). An account of the Actinia Sociata or clustered animal-flower, lately found on the sea-coast of the new ceded island. In a letter from John Ellis... to the Right honourable the Earl of Hillsborough. <em>Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond.</em> 57 2: 428-437., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51098406#page/489/mode/1up
page(s): 436 [details]
context source (BeRMS 2020) Bio-environmental research group; Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries research (ILVO), Belgium; (2015): Epibenthos and demersal fish monitoring at long-term monitoring stations in the Belgian part of the North Sea. [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Mac Ginitie G.L. (1935). Ecological aspects of a California marine estuary. The American Midland Naturalist, 16.
page(s): 677, 763 [details]
additional source Whiteaves J.F. (1901). Catalogue of the marine Invertebrata of eastern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, 722, pp. 1-272., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12912999
page(s): 37 [details]
additional source Dixon, G.Y. & A.F. Dixon, 1891. Report on the marine Invertebrate fauna near Dublin. Proc R. Ir. Acad. -32 : 19-33.
page(s): 19-23 [details]
additional source Levinsen, G.M.R. (1893). Annulata, Hydroidae, Anthozoa, Porifera. <em>Videnskabelige Udbytte ad Kanonbaaden Hauchs, Togter.</em> 321-464.
page(s): 395 [details]
additional source Dunn, D.F. & K. Hulsemann. (1979). Metridiidae Carlgren, 1893 (Anthozoa) and Metridiidae Sars, 1902 (Copepoda); request for a ruling to eliminate the homonymy. Z.N.(S.)2263. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 36(1):53-56. (vii-1979)
page(s): 53 [details] Available for editors
additional source Oken, L. (1815-1816). Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil: Zoologie. <em>Erste Abtheilung: Fleischlose Thiere,Leipzig: C.H. Reclam & Jena: A. Schmid, [book (3rd vol part one, of 3 vols, including plates atlas of T.1, 1813].</em> xxviii + 842 pp. + xviii, 40 pls. L [copepods 180-184, 357-359, 4 plates]., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.166403
page(s): 349-350 [details]
additional source Gravier, Ch., 1920. Larves d'Actiniaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de S. A. S. le Prince Albert I de Monaco. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I Prince Souverain de Monaco 57: 3-25.
page(s): 3 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1851). Monographie des polypiers fossiles des terrains palaeozoïques, précédée d'un tableau général de la classification des polypes. <em>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Archives.</em> 5: 1–502, 20 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25098869
page(s): 9 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1893). Studien über Nordische Actinien. <em>K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. XXV, No. 10. Stockholm.</em>
page(s): 102-109, 148 [details]
additional source Verrill, A.E. (1928). Hawaiian shallow water Anthozoa. <em>Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum.</em> 49: 1-30, pls. 1-5., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38875672
page(s): 15 [details]
additional source Stephenson, T. A. (1920). On the classification of Actiniaria. Part I. -- Forms with acontia and forms with a mesogloeal sphincter. <em>Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science.</em> 64, 2, (256): 425-574., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27706883#page/509/mode/1up
page(s): 527 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards H,. (1857). Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. 1. <em>Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris.</em> 326 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12045211
page(s): 253 [details]
additional source Nordgaard, O. (1905). Hydrographical and Biological Investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergens Museums Meereskrifter, 2: 164-174, 243
page(s): 159 [details]
additional source Boone, L. (1934). Scientific Results of the World Cruise of the Yacht 'Alva', 1931, William K. Vanderbilt, Commanding. Crustacea: Stomatopoda and Brachyura. <em>Bulletin of the Vanderberbilt Marine Museum.</em> 5: 1-210, pls. 1-109.
page(s): 61-63 [details] Available for editors
additional source Hargitt, C. W. (1912). The Anthozoa of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 32(788): 221-254
page(s): 236-237 [details]
additional source Nafilyan, Z. (1912). Matériaux pour la faune des Actinies des côtes de France. Les Actinies de Roscoff. Memoirs of the Society of Zoology of France, 25, 5-44
page(s): 29 [details]
additional source Fischer, P. (1874). Recherches sur les actinies des cotes [sic] océaniques de France. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 10, 193-244
page(s): 195-196, 208-211 [details]
additional source Fischer, P. (1887). Contribution a l'actinologie française. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 5, 2, 381-442
page(s): 390-391, 394 [details]
additional source Stephenson, E. M. (1925). On the anatomy and relationships of new or little known British Actiniaria. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 13(4): 891-909
page(s): 899-901 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1868-1870). Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. <em>Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.</em> 1, 6, 377-558.
page(s): 478 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1922). The Actiniaria of the Canadian Arctic Expeditions, with notes on interesting species from Hudson Bay and other Canadian localities. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, 8, G, 89-164
page(s): 90-92 [details]
additional source Wassilieff, A. (1908). Japanische Actinien. Abhandlungen des Mathematischen-Physikalischen Institutes der Kaiserlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Suppl. 1(2): 1-49
page(s): 35-36 [details]
additional source Fautin, D. G.; Hand, C. H. (2000). Metridium farcimen, the valid name of a common North Pacific sea anemone (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Acontiaria). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 113(4): 1151-1161
page(s): 1155 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1930). Actiniaria and Zoantharia. Andr. Fred. Høst and Søn. Copenhagen., volume 1, pp. 05-01
page(s): 3-4 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1933). The Godthaab Expedition 1928 Zoantharia and Actiniaria. Meddelelser om Grønland, 79(8): 1-55
page(s): 22-24 [details]
additional source Haddon, A. C. (1898). The Actiniaria of Torres Straits. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 6, 2, 393-520
page(s): 456 [details]
additional source Hertwig, R. (1882). Die Actinien der Challenger Expedition. Gustav Fischer. Jena., pp. 119.
page(s): 46, 62 [details]
additional source Hertwig, R. (1882). Report on the Actiniaria dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 (Zoology), 6(1): 1-136
page(s): 53, 70 [details]
additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1901). Report on the Hexactiniæ of the Columbia University Expedition to Puget Sound during the summer of 1896. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 14(1): 1-52
page(s): 7, 9, 11, 13 [details]
additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1904). The Actiniae of the Plate collection. Zoologische Jahrbücher, 6 Suppl.(2): 215-306
page(s): 276 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1928). Anthozoa. Gustav Fischer. Jena., volume 4, pp. 190-237
page(s): 198, 207, 217-220 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1914). Die Actinien. Ergebnisse und Fortschritte aus der Zoologie, 4, 339-640
page(s): 615 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1924). Actiniarien, Zoantharien und Ceriantharien von Curaçao. Kungliga Zoologisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra (Amsterdam), 23, 93-122
page(s): 107 [details]
additional source de Blainville, H. M. D. (1824). Metridium. F. G. Levrault. Strasbourg., volume 30, pp. 470
page(s): 470 [details]
additional source Loseva, L. (1972). Aktinii Yatryshnoy i Dalne-Zelenetskoy gub Barentseva Moria I. Bunodactis stella (Verr.). chapter I, volume 9, pp. 40-46
page(s): 40 [details]
additional source Hilton, W. A. (1916). Notes on coelenterates and echinoderms from Laguna Beach. Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 8, 2
page(s): 90 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1922). Untersuchungsfahrt des Reichsforschungsdampfers "Poseidon" in das Barentsmeer im Juni und Juli 1913, Zoantharien und Actiniarien. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, abteilung Helgoland, 13(2): 249-254
page(s): 251 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1915). Hexacorallien der Murmanküste. Travaux de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Petrograd, 44(4): 167-180
page(s): 169 [175] [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1920). Die Aktinienfauna von Büsum. Schriften der Zoologischen Station Büsum für Meereskunde, 6(5): 1-24
page(s): 12-17 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1928). Über das Vorkommen der Seenelke (Metridium dianthus Ell.) in der Adria. Der Zoologische Garten, 3-apr(198): 118-120
page(s): 118-120 [details]
additional source Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1995). Asexual reproduction by transverse fission and some anomalies in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Invertebrate Biology, 114(1): 9-18
page(s): 17 [details]
additional source Duerden, J. E. (1898). On the relations of certain Stichodactylinae to the Madreporaria. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology), 26, 635-653
page(s): 639 [details]
additional source Riemann-Zürneck, K. (1969). Sagartia troglodytes (Anthozoa). Biologie und Morphologie einer schlickbewohnenden Aktinie. Veröffentlichungen des Institutes für Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, 12, 169-230
page(s): 222 [details]
additional source Klinkhardt, W. (1914). Tier- und Pflanzenleben der Nordsee. Biologischen Anstalt auf Helgoland. Leipzig., edition 1, volume 3, pp. 15.
page(s): 4 [details]
additional source Klinkhardt, W. (1923). Tier- und Pflanzenleben der Nordsee. Biologischen Anstalt Auf Helgoland. Leipzig., edition 2, volume 1, pp. 31.
page(s): 7-11 [details]
additional source Fautin, D. G.; Hand, C. H. (1990). Systematics of sea anemones belonging to genus Metridium (Coelenterata: Actiniaria), with a description of M. giganteum new species. Wasmann Journal of Biology, 47(1-2): 77-85
page(s): 78 [details]
additional source Excoffon, A. C.; Zamponi, M. O. (1991). La biologia reproductiva de Phymactis clematis Dana, 1849 (Actiniaria: Actiniidae): gametogenesis, periodos reproductivos, desarrollo embrionario y larval. Spheniscus, 9, 25-39
page(s): 34 [details]
additional source Petersen, G. H.; Madsen, P. B.; Jensen, K. T.; van Bernem, K. H.; Harms, J.; Heiber, W.; Kröncke, I.; Michaelis, H.; Rachor, E.; Reise, K.; Dekker, R.; Visser, G. J. M.; Wolff, W. J. (1996). Red list of macrofaunal benthic invertebrates of the Wadden Sea. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 50, 69-76
page(s): 72 [details]
additional source Riggs, L. L. (1989). Feeding behavior in Aiptasia tagetes (Duchassaing and Michelotti) planulae: a plausible mechanism for zooxanthellae infection of aposymbiotic planktotrophic planulae. Caribbean Journal of Science, 24(3-4): 201-206
page(s): 204 [details]
additional source Kraus, Y.; Technau, U. (2006). Gastrulation in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis occurs by invagination and immigration: an ultrastructural study. Development, Genes and Evolution, 216, 119-132
page(s): 131 [details]
additional source Torrey, H. B. (1898). Observations on monogenesis in Metridium. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, I+, 3, 10
page(s): 345 [details]
additional source Cutress, C. E. (1955). An interpretation of the structure and distribution of cnidae in Anthozoa. Systematic Zoology, 4(3): 120-137
page(s): 132 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1928). Ceriantharier, Zoantharier och Actiniarier. Meddelelser om Grønland, 23 Suppl., 253-308
page(s): 256, 257, 259, 298-300 [details]
additional source Torrey, H. B. (1902). Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XXX. Anemones, with discussion of variation in Metridium. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 4, 373-410
page(s): 395-405 [details]
additional source Walton, C. L. (1908). Actiniae collected by the S.S. "Huxley" in the North Sea during the summer of 1907. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 8, 215-226
page(s): 224-225 [details]
additional source Stephens, J. (1912). Coelenterata. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 31(58): 1-10
page(s): 8 [details]
page(s): 436 [details]
context source (BeRMS 2020) Bio-environmental research group; Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries research (ILVO), Belgium; (2015): Epibenthos and demersal fish monitoring at long-term monitoring stations in the Belgian part of the North Sea. [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Mac Ginitie G.L. (1935). Ecological aspects of a California marine estuary. The American Midland Naturalist, 16.
page(s): 677, 763 [details]
additional source Whiteaves J.F. (1901). Catalogue of the marine Invertebrata of eastern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, 722, pp. 1-272., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12912999
page(s): 37 [details]
additional source Dixon, G.Y. & A.F. Dixon, 1891. Report on the marine Invertebrate fauna near Dublin. Proc R. Ir. Acad. -32 : 19-33.
page(s): 19-23 [details]
additional source Levinsen, G.M.R. (1893). Annulata, Hydroidae, Anthozoa, Porifera. <em>Videnskabelige Udbytte ad Kanonbaaden Hauchs, Togter.</em> 321-464.
page(s): 395 [details]
additional source Dunn, D.F. & K. Hulsemann. (1979). Metridiidae Carlgren, 1893 (Anthozoa) and Metridiidae Sars, 1902 (Copepoda); request for a ruling to eliminate the homonymy. Z.N.(S.)2263. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 36(1):53-56. (vii-1979)
page(s): 53 [details] Available for editors
additional source Oken, L. (1815-1816). Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil: Zoologie. <em>Erste Abtheilung: Fleischlose Thiere,Leipzig: C.H. Reclam & Jena: A. Schmid, [book (3rd vol part one, of 3 vols, including plates atlas of T.1, 1813].</em> xxviii + 842 pp. + xviii, 40 pls. L [copepods 180-184, 357-359, 4 plates]., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.166403
page(s): 349-350 [details]
additional source Gravier, Ch., 1920. Larves d'Actiniaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de S. A. S. le Prince Albert I de Monaco. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I Prince Souverain de Monaco 57: 3-25.
page(s): 3 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1851). Monographie des polypiers fossiles des terrains palaeozoïques, précédée d'un tableau général de la classification des polypes. <em>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Archives.</em> 5: 1–502, 20 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25098869
page(s): 9 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1893). Studien über Nordische Actinien. <em>K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. XXV, No. 10. Stockholm.</em>
page(s): 102-109, 148 [details]
additional source Verrill, A.E. (1928). Hawaiian shallow water Anthozoa. <em>Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum.</em> 49: 1-30, pls. 1-5., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38875672
page(s): 15 [details]
additional source Stephenson, T. A. (1920). On the classification of Actiniaria. Part I. -- Forms with acontia and forms with a mesogloeal sphincter. <em>Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science.</em> 64, 2, (256): 425-574., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27706883#page/509/mode/1up
page(s): 527 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards H,. (1857). Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. 1. <em>Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris.</em> 326 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12045211
page(s): 253 [details]
additional source Nordgaard, O. (1905). Hydrographical and Biological Investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergens Museums Meereskrifter, 2: 164-174, 243
page(s): 159 [details]
additional source Boone, L. (1934). Scientific Results of the World Cruise of the Yacht 'Alva', 1931, William K. Vanderbilt, Commanding. Crustacea: Stomatopoda and Brachyura. <em>Bulletin of the Vanderberbilt Marine Museum.</em> 5: 1-210, pls. 1-109.
page(s): 61-63 [details] Available for editors
additional source Hargitt, C. W. (1912). The Anthozoa of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 32(788): 221-254
page(s): 236-237 [details]
additional source Nafilyan, Z. (1912). Matériaux pour la faune des Actinies des côtes de France. Les Actinies de Roscoff. Memoirs of the Society of Zoology of France, 25, 5-44
page(s): 29 [details]
additional source Fischer, P. (1874). Recherches sur les actinies des cotes [sic] océaniques de France. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 10, 193-244
page(s): 195-196, 208-211 [details]
additional source Fischer, P. (1887). Contribution a l'actinologie française. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 5, 2, 381-442
page(s): 390-391, 394 [details]
additional source Stephenson, E. M. (1925). On the anatomy and relationships of new or little known British Actiniaria. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 13(4): 891-909
page(s): 899-901 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1868-1870). Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. <em>Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.</em> 1, 6, 377-558.
page(s): 478 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1922). The Actiniaria of the Canadian Arctic Expeditions, with notes on interesting species from Hudson Bay and other Canadian localities. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, 8, G, 89-164
page(s): 90-92 [details]
additional source Wassilieff, A. (1908). Japanische Actinien. Abhandlungen des Mathematischen-Physikalischen Institutes der Kaiserlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Suppl. 1(2): 1-49
page(s): 35-36 [details]
additional source Fautin, D. G.; Hand, C. H. (2000). Metridium farcimen, the valid name of a common North Pacific sea anemone (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Acontiaria). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 113(4): 1151-1161
page(s): 1155 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1930). Actiniaria and Zoantharia. Andr. Fred. Høst and Søn. Copenhagen., volume 1, pp. 05-01
page(s): 3-4 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1933). The Godthaab Expedition 1928 Zoantharia and Actiniaria. Meddelelser om Grønland, 79(8): 1-55
page(s): 22-24 [details]
additional source Haddon, A. C. (1898). The Actiniaria of Torres Straits. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 6, 2, 393-520
page(s): 456 [details]
additional source Hertwig, R. (1882). Die Actinien der Challenger Expedition. Gustav Fischer. Jena., pp. 119.
page(s): 46, 62 [details]
additional source Hertwig, R. (1882). Report on the Actiniaria dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 (Zoology), 6(1): 1-136
page(s): 53, 70 [details]
additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1901). Report on the Hexactiniæ of the Columbia University Expedition to Puget Sound during the summer of 1896. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 14(1): 1-52
page(s): 7, 9, 11, 13 [details]
additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1904). The Actiniae of the Plate collection. Zoologische Jahrbücher, 6 Suppl.(2): 215-306
page(s): 276 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1928). Anthozoa. Gustav Fischer. Jena., volume 4, pp. 190-237
page(s): 198, 207, 217-220 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1914). Die Actinien. Ergebnisse und Fortschritte aus der Zoologie, 4, 339-640
page(s): 615 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1924). Actiniarien, Zoantharien und Ceriantharien von Curaçao. Kungliga Zoologisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra (Amsterdam), 23, 93-122
page(s): 107 [details]
additional source de Blainville, H. M. D. (1824). Metridium. F. G. Levrault. Strasbourg., volume 30, pp. 470
page(s): 470 [details]
additional source Loseva, L. (1972). Aktinii Yatryshnoy i Dalne-Zelenetskoy gub Barentseva Moria I. Bunodactis stella (Verr.). chapter I, volume 9, pp. 40-46
page(s): 40 [details]
additional source Hilton, W. A. (1916). Notes on coelenterates and echinoderms from Laguna Beach. Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 8, 2
page(s): 90 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1922). Untersuchungsfahrt des Reichsforschungsdampfers "Poseidon" in das Barentsmeer im Juni und Juli 1913, Zoantharien und Actiniarien. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, abteilung Helgoland, 13(2): 249-254
page(s): 251 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1915). Hexacorallien der Murmanküste. Travaux de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Petrograd, 44(4): 167-180
page(s): 169 [175] [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1920). Die Aktinienfauna von Büsum. Schriften der Zoologischen Station Büsum für Meereskunde, 6(5): 1-24
page(s): 12-17 [details]
additional source Pax, F. (1928). Über das Vorkommen der Seenelke (Metridium dianthus Ell.) in der Adria. Der Zoologische Garten, 3-apr(198): 118-120
page(s): 118-120 [details]
additional source Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1995). Asexual reproduction by transverse fission and some anomalies in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Invertebrate Biology, 114(1): 9-18
page(s): 17 [details]
additional source Duerden, J. E. (1898). On the relations of certain Stichodactylinae to the Madreporaria. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology), 26, 635-653
page(s): 639 [details]
additional source Riemann-Zürneck, K. (1969). Sagartia troglodytes (Anthozoa). Biologie und Morphologie einer schlickbewohnenden Aktinie. Veröffentlichungen des Institutes für Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, 12, 169-230
page(s): 222 [details]
additional source Klinkhardt, W. (1914). Tier- und Pflanzenleben der Nordsee. Biologischen Anstalt auf Helgoland. Leipzig., edition 1, volume 3, pp. 15.
page(s): 4 [details]
additional source Klinkhardt, W. (1923). Tier- und Pflanzenleben der Nordsee. Biologischen Anstalt Auf Helgoland. Leipzig., edition 2, volume 1, pp. 31.
page(s): 7-11 [details]
additional source Fautin, D. G.; Hand, C. H. (1990). Systematics of sea anemones belonging to genus Metridium (Coelenterata: Actiniaria), with a description of M. giganteum new species. Wasmann Journal of Biology, 47(1-2): 77-85
page(s): 78 [details]
additional source Excoffon, A. C.; Zamponi, M. O. (1991). La biologia reproductiva de Phymactis clematis Dana, 1849 (Actiniaria: Actiniidae): gametogenesis, periodos reproductivos, desarrollo embrionario y larval. Spheniscus, 9, 25-39
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additional source Petersen, G. H.; Madsen, P. B.; Jensen, K. T.; van Bernem, K. H.; Harms, J.; Heiber, W.; Kröncke, I.; Michaelis, H.; Rachor, E.; Reise, K.; Dekker, R.; Visser, G. J. M.; Wolff, W. J. (1996). Red list of macrofaunal benthic invertebrates of the Wadden Sea. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 50, 69-76
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additional source Riggs, L. L. (1989). Feeding behavior in Aiptasia tagetes (Duchassaing and Michelotti) planulae: a plausible mechanism for zooxanthellae infection of aposymbiotic planktotrophic planulae. Caribbean Journal of Science, 24(3-4): 201-206
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additional source Kraus, Y.; Technau, U. (2006). Gastrulation in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis occurs by invagination and immigration: an ultrastructural study. Development, Genes and Evolution, 216, 119-132
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additional source Torrey, H. B. (1898). Observations on monogenesis in Metridium. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, I+, 3, 10
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additional source Cutress, C. E. (1955). An interpretation of the structure and distribution of cnidae in Anthozoa. Systematic Zoology, 4(3): 120-137
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1928). Ceriantharier, Zoantharier och Actiniarier. Meddelelser om Grønland, 23 Suppl., 253-308
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additional source Torrey, H. B. (1902). Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XXX. Anemones, with discussion of variation in Metridium. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 4, 373-410
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additional source Walton, C. L. (1908). Actiniae collected by the S.S. "Huxley" in the North Sea during the summer of 1907. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 8, 215-226
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additional source Stephens, J. (1912). Coelenterata. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 31(58): 1-10
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Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
