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WoRMS taxon details

Physalia physalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

135479  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:135479)

accepted
Species
Arethusa caravella Oken, 1815 · unaccepted (synonym)
Holothuria physalis Linnaeus, 1758 · unaccepted (basionym)
Holothuria velificans Osbeck, 1765 · unaccepted (synonym)
Medusa utriculus Gmelin, 1788 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalia australis Péron, 1807 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalia glauca Tilesius, 1810 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalia pelagica Lamarck, 1801 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalia pelasgica Bosc, 1802 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalia utriculus (Gmelin, 1788) · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalis afer Tilesius, 1810 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalis arethusa Tilesius, 1810 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalis cornuta Tilesius, 1810 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalis elongata Lamarck, 1816 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalis glauca Tilesius, 1810 · unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect original spelling (synonym)
Physalis lamartinieri Tilesius, 1810 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalis megalista Lamarck, 1816 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalis osbeckii Tilesius, 1810 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalis pelagica (Lamarck, 1801) · unaccepted (synonym)
Physalis tuberculosa Lamarck, 1816 · unaccepted (synonym)
Physsophora physalis (Linnaeus, 1758) · unaccepted (synonym)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
(of Holothuria physalis Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 657 [details]  Available for editors  PDF available [request] 
Taxonomic remark See Pugh (2019) for a recent, comprehensive taxonomic history and synonymy of the species  
Taxonomic remark See Pugh (2019) for a recent, comprehensive taxonomic history and synonymy of the species [details]

Distribution mainly (sub)tropical  
Distribution mainly (sub)tropical [details]
Schuchert, P. (2024). World Hydrozoa Database. Physalia physalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135479 on 2024-10-07
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
2006-01-20 13:22:59Z
checked
2013-12-28 13:28:42Z
changed
2021-05-28 05:40:56Z
changed

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


original description  (of Physalia pelasgica Bosc, 1802) Bosc, L.A.G. (1802). Histoire Naturelle des Vers : contenant leur description et leurs moeurs, avec figures dessinées d'après nature. <em>Guilleminet, Paris, chez Deterville.</em> 3 vols. 324 pp. + pls. 1-10; 300 pp. + pls. 11-25; 270 pp. + pls. 26-32. 1-324., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41758184
page(s): vol. 2, p. 166 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Physalia gigantea Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1804) Bory De Saint-Vincent J.B.G.M. (1804). Voyage dans les quatre principales îles des mers d'Afrique : fait par ordre du gouvernement, pendant les années neuf et dix de la République (1801 et 1802), 3 text volumes & 1 plate volume. F. Buisson, Paris. , available online at https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100314462
page(s): vol. 3, page 289 [details]   

original description  (of Physalia australis Péron, 1807) Péron, F. [& L. Freycinet]. (1807-1816). <i>Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes, exécuté par ordre de sa Majesté l'Empereur et Roi,. ... pendant les années 1800. 1801, 1802, 1803 et 1804</i>. Paris. I: xv + 496 pp. [1807]; II: xxxi + 471 pp. [1816]; Atlas, 65 pls & maps. , available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44096
page(s): 210 [details]   

original description  (of Physalia megalista Lesueur & Petit, 1807) Lesueur, C. A.; Petit, N. (1807). Voyage de découvertes aus terres Australes exécuté par ordre de S. M. l'Empereur et Roi. <em>Imprimé par Langlois, Paris.</em> Part 1. 40 plates., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30581262
page(s): Plate 29, figures 1-2. [details]   

original description  (of Physalis arethusa Tilesius, 1810) Tilesius W.G. (1810). Über die Seeblasen... In Reise um die Welt in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805 und 1806 unter dem Commando des Capitains von der Kaiserlichen Marine. A. J. von Krusenstern. Atlas Zool., pl. 23, figs. 1 - 6. 3: 1 - 108.
page(s): 91 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Physalis glauca Tilesius, 1810) Tilesius W.G. (1810). Über die Seeblasen... In Reise um die Welt in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805 und 1806 unter dem Commando des Capitains von der Kaiserlichen Marine. A. J. von Krusenstern. Atlas Zool., pl. 23, figs. 1 - 6. 3: 1 - 108.
page(s): 92 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Physalis lamartinieri Tilesius, 1810) Tilesius W.G. (1810). Über die Seeblasen... In Reise um die Welt in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805 und 1806 unter dem Commando des Capitains von der Kaiserlichen Marine. A. J. von Krusenstern. Atlas Zool., pl. 23, figs. 1 - 6. 3: 1 - 108.
page(s): 99 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Physalis cornuta Tilesius, 1810) Tilesius W.G. (1810). Über die Seeblasen... In Reise um die Welt in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805 und 1806 unter dem Commando des Capitains von der Kaiserlichen Marine. A. J. von Krusenstern. Atlas Zool., pl. 23, figs. 1 - 6. 3: 1 - 108.
page(s): 104 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Physalis osbeckii Tilesius, 1810) Tilesius W.G. (1810). Über die Seeblasen... In Reise um die Welt in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805 und 1806 unter dem Commando des Capitains von der Kaiserlichen Marine. A. J. von Krusenstern. Atlas Zool., pl. 23, figs. 1 - 6. 3: 1 - 108.
page(s): 104 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Physalis afer Tilesius, 1810) Tilesius W.G. (1810). Über die Seeblasen... In Reise um die Welt in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805 und 1806 unter dem Commando des Capitains von der Kaiserlichen Marine. A. J. von Krusenstern. Atlas Zool., pl. 23, figs. 1 - 6. 3: 1 - 108.
page(s): 104 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Arethusa caravella Oken, 1815) Oken, L. (1815-1816). Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil: Zoologie. <em>Erste Abtheilung: Fleischlose Thiere,Leipzig: C.H. Reclam & Jena: A. Schmid, [book (3rd vol part one, of 3 vols, including plates atlas of T.1, 1813].</em> xxviii + 842 pp. + xviii, 40 pls. L [copepods 180-184, 357-359, 4 plates]., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.166403
page(s): 128 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Physalis tuberculosa Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. <em>Paris. Verdière.</em> Vol. 2 pp. 1-568., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Physalis megalista Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. <em>Paris. Verdière.</em> Vol. 2 pp. 1-568., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Physalis elongata Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. <em>Paris. Verdière.</em> Vol. 2 pp. 1-568., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Holothuria physalis Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 657 [details]  Available for editors  PDF available [request] 

original description  (of Physalia pelagica Lamarck, 1801) Lamarck, J. B. (1801). Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; Présentant leurs caractères essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la considération de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement établi dans les galeries du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, parmi leurs dépouilles conservées; Précédé du discours d'ouverture du Cours de Zoologie, donné dans le Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle l'an 8 de la République. Published by the author and Deterville, Paris: viii + 432 pp., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14117719
page(s): 356 [details]  OpenAccess publication 

original description  (of Medusa utriculus Gmelin, 1788) Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. <em>Systema Naturae. Linneaeus (ed.). Ed. 13.</em> 1: pars. 6., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5
page(s): 3155 [details]   

original description  (of Holothuria velificans Osbeck, 1765) Osbeck, P. (1765). Reise nach Ostindien und China. Nebst O. Toreens Reise nach Suratte und C. G. Ekebergs Nachricht von den Landwirthschaft der Chineser. <em>Rostock.</em> i-xxvi + 1-552 + 25-p. index, Pls. 1-13. [German translation by J. G. Georgius. J. C. Koppe]. [details]  OpenAccess publication 

context source (RAS) Australian Antarctic Data Centre. , available online at https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/biodiversity/ [details]   

context source (Bermuda) Totton, A. K. 1936. Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. VII. Siphonophora taken during the year 1931. Zoologica (N. Y.) 21 (4): 231-240. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51096617 [details]   

context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS[details]   

additional source Calder, D. (2003). Checklist of Hydroids, hydromedusae and siphonophores reported from the Bay of Fundy.  [details]   

additional source Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. <em>Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B.</em> 68: p. [details]   

additional source Pollock, L.W. (1998). A practical guide to the marine animals of northeastern North America. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, New Jersey & London. 367 pp., available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=i1AmT31cuR4C  [details]   

additional source Pugh, P. R. & Gasca, R. (2009). Siphonophorae (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico. Pp. 395–402. In: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. <em>Biodiversity.</em> Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]   

additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS[details]  Available for editors  PDF available [request] 

additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V.; Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details]  Available for editors  PDF available [request] 

source of synonymy Pugh, P. R. (2019). Two new species of <em>Bargmannia</em> (Pyrostephidae, Physonectae, Siphonophorae). <em>Zootaxa.</em> 4686(1): 74-82., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4686.1.3
page(s): 85 [details]   

source of synonymy Pugh, P. R. (2019). A history of the sub-order Cystonectae (Hydrozoa: Siphonophorae). <em>Zootaxa.</em> 4669(1): 1-91., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4669.1.1
page(s): 74; note: taxonomic history, synonymy
opinion: In this paper we only recognise one species of the family Physaliidae, i.e. Physalia physalis. Although there is, presently, a push by mainly Australian and ...  
taxonomic history, synonymy
opinion: In this paper we only recognise one species of the family Physaliidae, i.e. Physalia physalis. Although there is, presently, a push by mainly Australian and New Zealand workers to establish several more species they would need to establish definite morphological differences from P. physalis and, indeed, any of the c. 50 synonyms (see Appendix) that cannot be accounted for by changes occurring during the various stages of development of the species.
 [details]  Available for editors  PDF available [request] 

redescription Totton, A. K. (1960). Studies on Physalia physalis (L.). Part 1. Natural History and morphology. <em>Discovery Reports.</em> 30: 301-368., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5609085 [details]   

ecology source Totton, A. K. (1960). Studies on Physalia physalis (L.). Part 1. Natural History and morphology. <em>Discovery Reports.</em> 30: 301-368., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5609085 [details]   

ecology source Kirkpatrick, P.A.; Pugh, P.R. (1984). Siphonophores and velellids: keys and notes for the identification of the species. <i>Synopses of the British fauna (new series)</i>, 29. E.J. Brill/W. Backhuys: London, UK. ISBN 90-04-07470-8. vi, 154 pp. (look up in IMIS[details]   

biology source Munro, C.; Vue, Z.; Behringer, R. R.; Dunn, C. W. (2019). Morphology and development of the Portuguese man of war, Physalia physalis. <em>Scientific Reports.</em> 9(1)., available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51842-1 [details]   
 
 Present  Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio   Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

Nontype YPM 35345, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
From editor or global species database
Original Combination Holothuria physalis Linnaeus, 1758: 657 [details]

Original Combination Holothuria physalis Linnaeus, 1758: 657 [details]

Taxonomic remark See Pugh (2019) for a recent, comprehensive taxonomic history and synonymy of the species [details]

Unverified
Biology pleustonic [details]

Dimensions horizontal length of whole animal up to 300 mm or more [details]

Distribution mainly (sub)tropical [details]

Habitat pelagic [details]
    Definitions

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LanguageName 
Catalan fragata portuguesacaravel·la portuguesa  [details]
Dutch Portugees oorlogsschip  [details]
English Portuguese man-o-warPortuguese man-of-warPortuguese man o’ warbluebottle  [details]
French vessie de mergalère portugaise  [details]
German SeeblasePortugiesische GaleereBlasenqualle  [details]
Italian caravella portoghese  [details]
Japanese カツオノエボシ  [details]
Portuguese Caravela Portuguesa  [details]
Spanish carabela portuguesabotella azul  [details]
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