WRiMS taxon details
Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766)
103862 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:103862)
accepted
Species
Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841 · unaccepted (synonym)
marine, fresh, terrestrial
(of ) Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. [List of zoophytes containing general outlines of genera and brief descriptions of known species, with selected synonyms of the authors.]. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> 451 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361 [details] 
Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2024). Ascidiacea World Database. Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766). Accessed through: Costello, M. J.; Ahyong, S.; Bieler, R.; Boudouresque, C.; Desiderato, A.; Downey, R.; Galil, B. S.; Gollasch, S.; Hutchings, P.; Kamburska, L.; Katsanevakis, S.; Kupriyanova, E.; Lejeusne, C.; Ma, K. C. K.; Marchini, A.; Occhipinti, A.; Pagad, S.; Panov, V. E.; Poore, G. C. B.; Rewicz, T.; Robinson, T. B.; Rius, M.; Sobczyk, R.; Stern, N.; Turon, X.; Valls Domedel, G.; Verleye, T.; Vieira, L. M.; Willan, R. C.; Yeo Chong Jinn, D.; Zhan, A. (2024) World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS) at: https://www.marinespecies.org/introduced/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103862 on 2025-04-07
Costello, M. J.; Ahyong, S.; Bieler, R.; Boudouresque, C.; Desiderato, A.; Downey, R.; Galil, B. S.; Gollasch, S.; Hutchings, P.; Kamburska, L.; Katsanevakis, S.; Kupriyanova, E.; Lejeusne, C.; Ma, K. C. K.; Marchini, A.; Occhipinti, A.; Pagad, S.; Pino, L.; Poore, G. C. B.; Rewicz, T.; Rius, M.; Robinson, T. B.; Sobczyk, R.; Stępień, A.; Turon, X.; Valls Domedel, G.; Verleye, T.; Vieira, L. M.; Willan, R. C.; Zhan, A. (2025). World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS). Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766). Accessed at: https://marinespecies.org/introduced./aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103862 on 2025-04-07
original description
(of ) Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. [List of zoophytes containing general outlines of genera and brief descriptions of known species, with selected synonyms of the authors.]. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> 451 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361 [details]
original description (of Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841) Milne Edwards, H. (1841). Observations sur les Ascidies composées des côtes de la Manche. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France.</em> 18: 217-326. [details]
context source (Introduced species) Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. <em>BioInvasions Records.</em> 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details] Available for editors
context source (HKRMS) Kott P. & Goodbody I. (1982). The ascidians of Hong Kong. In: Morton B, editor. Proceedings of the first international marine biological workshop: The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. 1: pp 503-554. [details]
basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. <em>In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: pp. 352-355. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. <em>John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London.</em> 693 pp. [pdf copepod and branchiuran :445-455]. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. <em>Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B.</em> 68: p. [details]
additional source Meinkoth, N. A. (1981). Field guide to North American seashore creatures. <em>The Audubon Society.</em> 1-799. [details]
additional source Miner, R. W. (1950). Field book of seashore life. <em>G.P. Putnam & Sons.</em> 1-888. [details]
additional source Thomas, M. L. H. (1983). Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. <em>Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.</em> 64:1-306. [details] Available for editors
additional source Millar, R. H. (1955). On a collection of ascidians from South Africa. <em>Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.</em> 125(1): 169-221. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Kott, P. (1985). The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. <em>Mem Qd Mus.</em> 23: 1-440., available online at http://biostor.org/reference/109626 [details] Available for editors
additional source Gosner, K.L. (1979). A Field Guide to the Atlantic Seashore. Invertebrates and Seaweeds of the Atlantic Coast from the Bay of Fundy to Cape Hatteras. <em>Wiley-Interscience, Boston.</em> 329pp., figs. 1-72, pls. 1-64. [pdf copepods only]. [details] Available for editors
additional source Zenetos, A., M.E. Cinar, M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou, J.G. Harmelin, G. Furnari, F. Andaloro, N. Bellou, N. Streftaris & H. Zibrowius. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors
additional source Kott, P.; Bradford-Grieve, J.; Esnal, G.; Murdoch, R.C. (2009). Phylum Tunicata: sea squirts, salps, appendicularians, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 409-430. [details] Available for editors
additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Trott, T. J. (2004). Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. <em>Northeastern Naturalist.</em> 11, 261-324., available online at http://www.gulfofmaine.org/kb/files/9793/TROTT-Cobscook%20List.pdf [details] Available for editors
additional source Brine, O.; Hunt, L.; Costello, M. J. (2013). Marine biofouling on recreational boats on swing moorings and berths. <em>Management of Biological Invasions.</em> 4(4): 327-341., available online at https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2013.4.4.07 [details] Available for editors
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
biology source Tepolt, C. K. (2014). Adaptation in marine invasion: a genetic perspective. <em>Biological Invasions.</em> 17(3): 887-903., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0825-8
note: Here, I review evidence for adaptation in marine invasion, considering both quantitative and genetic studies. [details] Available for editors
original description (of Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841) Milne Edwards, H. (1841). Observations sur les Ascidies composées des côtes de la Manche. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France.</em> 18: 217-326. [details]
context source (Introduced species) Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. <em>BioInvasions Records.</em> 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details] Available for editors
context source (HKRMS) Kott P. & Goodbody I. (1982). The ascidians of Hong Kong. In: Morton B, editor. Proceedings of the first international marine biological workshop: The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. 1: pp 503-554. [details]
basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. <em>In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: pp. 352-355. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. <em>John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London.</em> 693 pp. [pdf copepod and branchiuran :445-455]. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. <em>Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B.</em> 68: p. [details]
additional source Meinkoth, N. A. (1981). Field guide to North American seashore creatures. <em>The Audubon Society.</em> 1-799. [details]
additional source Miner, R. W. (1950). Field book of seashore life. <em>G.P. Putnam & Sons.</em> 1-888. [details]
additional source Thomas, M. L. H. (1983). Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. <em>Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.</em> 64:1-306. [details] Available for editors
additional source Millar, R. H. (1955). On a collection of ascidians from South Africa. <em>Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.</em> 125(1): 169-221. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Kott, P. (1985). The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. <em>Mem Qd Mus.</em> 23: 1-440., available online at http://biostor.org/reference/109626 [details] Available for editors
additional source Gosner, K.L. (1979). A Field Guide to the Atlantic Seashore. Invertebrates and Seaweeds of the Atlantic Coast from the Bay of Fundy to Cape Hatteras. <em>Wiley-Interscience, Boston.</em> 329pp., figs. 1-72, pls. 1-64. [pdf copepods only]. [details] Available for editors
additional source Zenetos, A., M.E. Cinar, M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou, J.G. Harmelin, G. Furnari, F. Andaloro, N. Bellou, N. Streftaris & H. Zibrowius. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors
additional source Kott, P.; Bradford-Grieve, J.; Esnal, G.; Murdoch, R.C. (2009). Phylum Tunicata: sea squirts, salps, appendicularians, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 409-430. [details] Available for editors
additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Trott, T. J. (2004). Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. <em>Northeastern Naturalist.</em> 11, 261-324., available online at http://www.gulfofmaine.org/kb/files/9793/TROTT-Cobscook%20List.pdf [details] Available for editors
additional source Brine, O.; Hunt, L.; Costello, M. J. (2013). Marine biofouling on recreational boats on swing moorings and berths. <em>Management of Biological Invasions.</em> 4(4): 327-341., available online at https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2013.4.4.07 [details] Available for editors
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
biology source Tepolt, C. K. (2014). Adaptation in marine invasion: a genetic perspective. <em>Biological Invasions.</em> 17(3): 887-903., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0825-8
note: Here, I review evidence for adaptation in marine invasion, considering both quantitative and genetic studies. [details] Available for editors
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From regional or thematic species database
Introduced species abundance in Canadian part of the Bay of Fundy (Marine Region) : Rare to common [details]Introduced species impact in Australia (Nation) : Loss of aquaculture/commercial/recreational harvest or gain [details]
Introduced species management in Canadian part of the Gulf of St-Lawrence (Marine Region) : yes [details]
Introduced species remark Madeiran part of the North Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms
[details]
Introduced species vector dispersal United States part of the North Pacific Ocean (Marine Region) Aquaculture: accidental [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal in Australia (Nation) : Recreational equipment: accidental with recreational equipment [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal in Australia (Nation) : Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal in Portugal (Nation) : Shipping [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal Madeiran part of the North Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins
[details]
BIOTIC
Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Barcode of Life (from synonym Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841)
To Barcode of Life (592 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (152 publications) (from synonym Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (72 publications)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To Dyntaxa
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Botryllus schlosseri)
To GenBank (239675 nucleotides; 3082 proteins)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To Information system on Aquatic Non-Indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Chordata Collection (39 records)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 098117)
To ITIS
Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Barcode of Life (from synonym Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841)
To Barcode of Life (592 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (152 publications) (from synonym Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (72 publications)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To Dyntaxa
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Botryllus schlosseri)
To GenBank (239675 nucleotides; 3082 proteins)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To Information system on Aquatic Non-Indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Chordata Collection (39 records)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 098117)
To ITIS
