WoRMS taxon details
Anemonia viridis (Forsskål, 1775)
100808 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:100808)
accepted
Species
Actinia viridis Gmelin · unaccepted
Anemonia sulcata var. viridis Andres, 1881 · unaccepted
Priapus viridis Forsskål, 1775 · unaccepted (original binomen)
- Subspecies Anemonia viridis rustica (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Anemonia viridis smaragdina (uncertain > nomen dubium)
marine, terrestrial
(of Priapus viridis Forsskål, 1775) Forskål P. (1775). Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris editit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est materia Medica Kahirina. Mölleri, Hafniae, 19 + xxxiv + 164 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2088059 [details] 
Taxonomy Opinions have been divided on whether Anemonia viridis (Forsskål, 1775) & Anemonia sulcata (Pennant, 1777) are separate...
Taxonomy There are two other subspecies :
- Anemonia viridis viridis
- Anemonia viridis rufescens
Taxonomy Opinions have been divided on whether Anemonia viridis (Forsskål, 1775) & Anemonia sulcata (Pennant, 1777) are separate species; some opinions are that they are separate subspecies. (http://hercules.kgs.ku.edu/Hexacoral/Anemone2/speciesdetail.cfm?genus=Anemonia&species=sulcata&subgenus=&subspecies=viridis&synseniorid=6439&synsyonymunit=1) [details]
Taxonomy There are two other subspecies :
- Anemonia viridis viridis
- Anemonia viridis rufescens
Taxonomy There are two other subspecies :
- Anemonia viridis viridis
- Anemonia viridis rufescens [details]
- Anemonia viridis viridis
- Anemonia viridis rufescens [details]
Rodríguez, E.; Fautin, D; Daly, M. (2025). World List of Actiniaria. Anemonia viridis (Forsskål, 1775). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=100808 on 2025-07-16
Date
action
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The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons
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Nomenclature
original description
(of Priapus viridis Forsskål, 1775) Forskål P. (1775). Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris editit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est materia Medica Kahirina. Mölleri, Hafniae, 19 + xxxiv + 164 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2088059 [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 106-109 (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 106-109 (look up in IMIS) [details]
Other
context source (Hexacorallia)
Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Manuel, R. L. (1981). British Anthozoa. <em>London: Academic Press.</em> 241 pp. (Synopses of the British Fauna).
page(s): 102-103 [details]
additional source Haylor, G. S.; Thorpe, J. P.; Carter, M. A. (1984). Genetic and ecological differentiation between sympatric colour morphs of the common intertidal sea anemone Actinia equina. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 16, 281-289
page(s): 287 [details]
additional source Doumenc, D. A.; Koukouras, A. (1985). Actinies de la mer Égée: méthodes d'identification, zoogéographie. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 7A, 4, (3): 497-529
page(s): 509-510, 525 [details]
additional source Allcock, L. A.; Watts, P. C.; Thorpe, J. P. (1998). Divergence of nematocysts in two colour morphs of the intertidal beadlet anemone Actinia equina. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 78, 821-828
page(s): 823 [details]
additional source Excoffon, A. C.; Genzano, G. N.; Zamponi, M. O. (1999). Macrobenthos associated with a population of Anthothoe chilensis (Lesson, 1830) (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) in Mar del Plata Harbor, Argentina. Ciencias Marinas, 25(2): 177-191
page(s): 189 [details]
additional source Chintiroglou, C. C.; Doumenc, D. A.; Zamponi, M. O. (1997). Commented list of the Mediterranean Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Anthozoa). Acta Adriatica, 38(1): 65-70
page(s): 67 [details]
additional source Loukmidou, S.; Chintiroglou, C. C.; Doumenc, D. A. (1997). Inventaire du cnidome des actiniaires et corallimorphaires de Mediterranee (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Bios, 4, 63-114
page(s): 79-80 [details]
additional source Karalis, P.; Chintiroglou, C. C. (1997). Biometric investigations on the cnidae of the rustica-color variety of the sea anemone Anemonia viridis (Förskal, 1775). Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 385-390
page(s): 385-389 [details]
additional source Ates, R. M. L. (1997). Bloemdieren: De Zeeanemonen En Hun Verwanten Van De Nederlandse Kust. C. Moerman. Zeeanjer., pp. 31.
page(s): 26, 28 [details]
additional source Schlesinger, A.; Goldshmid, R.; Hadfield, M. G.; Kramarsky-Winter, E.; Loya, Y. (2009). Laboratory culture of the aeolid nudibranch Spurilla neapolitana (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia): life history aspects. Marine Biology, 156, 753-761
page(s): 754, 755, 757, 758 [details]
additional source Robson, E. A. (2004). Cnidogenesis in the jewel anemone Corynactis californica (Carlgren, 1936) and C. viridis (Allman, 1846) (Anthozoa: Corallimorpharia). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 78(27): 461-476
page(s): 461, 462, 465, 471 [details]
additional source Patzner, R. A. (2004). Associations with sea anemones in the Mediterranean Sea: a review. Ophelia, 58(1): 1-11
page(s): 4-8 [details]
additional source Moran, Y.; Gurevitz, M. (2006). When positive selection of neurotoxin genes is missing: the riddle of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. FEBS Journal, 273(17): 3886-3892
page(s): 3888 [details]
additional source Merle, P.; Sabourault, C.; Richier, S.; Allemand, D.; Furla, P. (2007). Catalase characterization and implication in bleaching of a symbiotic sea anemone. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 42, 236-246
page(s): 236-245 [details]
additional source Arvedlund, M.; Iwao, K.; Brolund, T. M.; Takemura, A. (2006). Juvenile Thalassoma amblycephalum Bleeker (Labridae, Teleostei) dwelling among the tentacles of sea anemones: a cleanerfish with an unusual talent?. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 329, 161-173
page(s): 162, 163 [details]
additional source Daly, M.; Chaudhuri, A.; Gusmão, L.; Rodríguez, E. (2008). Phylogenetic relationships among sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 292-301
page(s): 295 [details]
additional source Sunagawa, S.; Choi, J.; Forman, H. J.; Medina, M. (2008). Hyperthermic stress-induced increase in the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione levels in the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B, 151, 133-138
page(s): 133 [details]
additional source Braga Gomes, P.; Zamponi, M. O.; Solé-Cava, A. M. (2003). Asexual reproduction and molecular systematics of the sea anemone Anthopleura krebsi (Actiniaria: Actiniidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51, 1, 147-154
page(s): 151 [details]
additional source Daly, M.; Gusmão, L.; Reft, A. J.; Rodríguez, E. (2010). Phylogenetic signal in mitochondrial and nuclear markers in sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria). Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50(3): 371-388
page(s): 373 [details]
additional source Wittman, K. J. (2008). Two new species of Heteromysini (Mysida, Mysidae) from the island of Madeira (N.E. Atlantic), with notes on sea anemone and hermit crab commensalisms in the genus Heteromysis S. I. Smith, 1873. Crustaceana, 81(3): 351-374
page(s): 352 [details] Available for editors
[request]
additional source Rorandelli, R.; Bartolini, F.; Gomei, M.; Cannicci, S. (2007). Observations in captivity of the activity patterns and resources utilization of the spider crab Inachus phalangium (Decapoda, Majidae). Marine Biology, 151, 1111-1116
page(s): 1111, 1113, 1115, 1116 [details]
additional source Moran, Y.; Kahn, R.; Cohen, L.; Gur, M.; Karbat, I.; Gordon, D.; Gurevitz, M. (2007). Molecular analysis of the sea anemone toxin Av3 reveals selectivity to insects and demonstrates the heterogeneity of receptor site-3 on voltage-gated Na+ channels. Biochemical Journal, 406, 41-48
page(s): 41, 43 [details]
additional source Ramil Blanco, F.; Pulpeiro, E. F. (1990). Inventario de los antozoos de Galicia. A checklist of the Anthozoa from Galicia. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 86(1-4): 17-30
page(s): 22 [details]
additional source Choresh, O.; Azem, A.; Loya, Y. (2007). Over-expression of highly conserved mitochondrial 70-kDa heat-shock protein in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. Journal of Thermal Biology, 32, 367-373
page(s): 367-372 [details]
additional source Guinot, D.; Doumenc, D. A.; Chintiroglou, C. C. (1995). A review of the carrying behaviour in brachyuran crabs, with additional information on the symbioses with sea anemones. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 43(2): 377-416
page(s): 399-400, 402 [details]
additional source Mačić, V.; Trainito, E.; Đorđević, N. (2024). Anthozoa of the Adriatic: New insights and a checklist for the southeastern Adriatic. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 25(2): 532-547., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.36835 [details]
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Manuel, R. L. (1981). British Anthozoa. <em>London: Academic Press.</em> 241 pp. (Synopses of the British Fauna).
page(s): 102-103 [details]
additional source Haylor, G. S.; Thorpe, J. P.; Carter, M. A. (1984). Genetic and ecological differentiation between sympatric colour morphs of the common intertidal sea anemone Actinia equina. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 16, 281-289
page(s): 287 [details]
additional source Doumenc, D. A.; Koukouras, A. (1985). Actinies de la mer Égée: méthodes d'identification, zoogéographie. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 7A, 4, (3): 497-529
page(s): 509-510, 525 [details]
additional source Allcock, L. A.; Watts, P. C.; Thorpe, J. P. (1998). Divergence of nematocysts in two colour morphs of the intertidal beadlet anemone Actinia equina. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 78, 821-828
page(s): 823 [details]
additional source Excoffon, A. C.; Genzano, G. N.; Zamponi, M. O. (1999). Macrobenthos associated with a population of Anthothoe chilensis (Lesson, 1830) (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) in Mar del Plata Harbor, Argentina. Ciencias Marinas, 25(2): 177-191
page(s): 189 [details]
additional source Chintiroglou, C. C.; Doumenc, D. A.; Zamponi, M. O. (1997). Commented list of the Mediterranean Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Anthozoa). Acta Adriatica, 38(1): 65-70
page(s): 67 [details]
additional source Loukmidou, S.; Chintiroglou, C. C.; Doumenc, D. A. (1997). Inventaire du cnidome des actiniaires et corallimorphaires de Mediterranee (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Bios, 4, 63-114
page(s): 79-80 [details]
additional source Karalis, P.; Chintiroglou, C. C. (1997). Biometric investigations on the cnidae of the rustica-color variety of the sea anemone Anemonia viridis (Förskal, 1775). Israel Journal of Zoology, 43, 385-390
page(s): 385-389 [details]
additional source Ates, R. M. L. (1997). Bloemdieren: De Zeeanemonen En Hun Verwanten Van De Nederlandse Kust. C. Moerman. Zeeanjer., pp. 31.
page(s): 26, 28 [details]
additional source Schlesinger, A.; Goldshmid, R.; Hadfield, M. G.; Kramarsky-Winter, E.; Loya, Y. (2009). Laboratory culture of the aeolid nudibranch Spurilla neapolitana (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia): life history aspects. Marine Biology, 156, 753-761
page(s): 754, 755, 757, 758 [details]
additional source Robson, E. A. (2004). Cnidogenesis in the jewel anemone Corynactis californica (Carlgren, 1936) and C. viridis (Allman, 1846) (Anthozoa: Corallimorpharia). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 78(27): 461-476
page(s): 461, 462, 465, 471 [details]
additional source Patzner, R. A. (2004). Associations with sea anemones in the Mediterranean Sea: a review. Ophelia, 58(1): 1-11
page(s): 4-8 [details]
additional source Moran, Y.; Gurevitz, M. (2006). When positive selection of neurotoxin genes is missing: the riddle of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. FEBS Journal, 273(17): 3886-3892
page(s): 3888 [details]
additional source Merle, P.; Sabourault, C.; Richier, S.; Allemand, D.; Furla, P. (2007). Catalase characterization and implication in bleaching of a symbiotic sea anemone. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 42, 236-246
page(s): 236-245 [details]
additional source Arvedlund, M.; Iwao, K.; Brolund, T. M.; Takemura, A. (2006). Juvenile Thalassoma amblycephalum Bleeker (Labridae, Teleostei) dwelling among the tentacles of sea anemones: a cleanerfish with an unusual talent?. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 329, 161-173
page(s): 162, 163 [details]
additional source Daly, M.; Chaudhuri, A.; Gusmão, L.; Rodríguez, E. (2008). Phylogenetic relationships among sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 292-301
page(s): 295 [details]
additional source Sunagawa, S.; Choi, J.; Forman, H. J.; Medina, M. (2008). Hyperthermic stress-induced increase in the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione levels in the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B, 151, 133-138
page(s): 133 [details]
additional source Braga Gomes, P.; Zamponi, M. O.; Solé-Cava, A. M. (2003). Asexual reproduction and molecular systematics of the sea anemone Anthopleura krebsi (Actiniaria: Actiniidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 51, 1, 147-154
page(s): 151 [details]
additional source Daly, M.; Gusmão, L.; Reft, A. J.; Rodríguez, E. (2010). Phylogenetic signal in mitochondrial and nuclear markers in sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria). Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50(3): 371-388
page(s): 373 [details]
additional source Wittman, K. J. (2008). Two new species of Heteromysini (Mysida, Mysidae) from the island of Madeira (N.E. Atlantic), with notes on sea anemone and hermit crab commensalisms in the genus Heteromysis S. I. Smith, 1873. Crustaceana, 81(3): 351-374
page(s): 352 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Rorandelli, R.; Bartolini, F.; Gomei, M.; Cannicci, S. (2007). Observations in captivity of the activity patterns and resources utilization of the spider crab Inachus phalangium (Decapoda, Majidae). Marine Biology, 151, 1111-1116
page(s): 1111, 1113, 1115, 1116 [details]
additional source Moran, Y.; Kahn, R.; Cohen, L.; Gur, M.; Karbat, I.; Gordon, D.; Gurevitz, M. (2007). Molecular analysis of the sea anemone toxin Av3 reveals selectivity to insects and demonstrates the heterogeneity of receptor site-3 on voltage-gated Na+ channels. Biochemical Journal, 406, 41-48
page(s): 41, 43 [details]
additional source Ramil Blanco, F.; Pulpeiro, E. F. (1990). Inventario de los antozoos de Galicia. A checklist of the Anthozoa from Galicia. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 86(1-4): 17-30
page(s): 22 [details]
additional source Choresh, O.; Azem, A.; Loya, Y. (2007). Over-expression of highly conserved mitochondrial 70-kDa heat-shock protein in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. Journal of Thermal Biology, 32, 367-373
page(s): 367-372 [details]
additional source Guinot, D.; Doumenc, D. A.; Chintiroglou, C. C. (1995). A review of the carrying behaviour in brachyuran crabs, with additional information on the symbioses with sea anemones. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 43(2): 377-416
page(s): 399-400, 402 [details]
additional source Mačić, V.; Trainito, E.; Đorđević, N. (2024). Anthozoa of the Adriatic: New insights and a checklist for the southeastern Adriatic. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 25(2): 532-547., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.36835 [details]
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Taxonomy Opinions have been divided on whether Anemonia viridis (Forsskål, 1775) & Anemonia sulcata (Pennant, 1777) are separate species; some opinions are that they are separate subspecies. (http://hercules.kgs.ku.edu/Hexacoral/Anemone2/speciesdetail.cfm?genus=Anemonia&species=sulcata&subgenus=&subspecies=viridis&synseniorid=6439&synsyonymunit=1) [details]From regional or thematic species database
Taxonomy There are two other subspecies :- Anemonia viridis viridis
- Anemonia viridis rufescens [details]
Unreviewed
Habitat upper littoral [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Catalan | fideus de maranèmona de mar comuna | [details] |
| Dutch | wasroosdraadroos | [details] |
| English | snakelocks anemoneopelet anemone | [details] |
| French | anémone de mer verte | [details] |
| German | Wachsrose | [details] |
| Italian | morosacapelli di Venere | [details] |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Μαλλούσα | [details] |
| Spanish | ortiga de maranémona común | [details] |
Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Barcode of Life (4 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (46 publications) (from synonym Priapus viridis Forsskål, 1775)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (8 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Anemonia viridis)
To Fishipedia
To GenBank (40426 nucleotides; 307 proteins)
To GenBank (40426 nucleotides; 307 proteins) (from synonym Priapus viridis Forsskål, 1775)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To PESI
To ITIS
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Barcode of Life (4 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (46 publications) (from synonym Priapus viridis Forsskål, 1775)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (8 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Anemonia viridis)
To Fishipedia
To GenBank (40426 nucleotides; 307 proteins)
To GenBank (40426 nucleotides; 307 proteins) (from synonym Priapus viridis Forsskål, 1775)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To PESI
To ITIS
From editor or global species database
Unreviewed
