Porifera taxon details
Hamacantha (Hamacantha) johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)
168423 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:168423)
accepted
Species
Desmacella johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864) · unaccepted (genus transfer)
Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864) · alternative representation (subgenus assignment)
Hamacantha johnsoni var. complanata Topsent, 1892 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Hamacantha johnsoni var. inelegans Topsent, 1892 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864 · alternative representation (subgenus assignment)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
(of Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864) Bowerbank, J.S. (1864). A Monograph of the British Spongiadae.Volume 1. (Ray Society: London): i-xx, 1-290, pls I-XXXVII. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1883085
page(s): 34-35 & figs 112 & 293 [details]
page(s): 34-35 & figs 112 & 293 [details]
Type locality contained in Azores Canaries Madeira
type locality contained in Azores Canaries Madeira [from synonym] [view taxon] [details]
Taxonomy Schmidt's (1870) record of this species from Florida was assigned to Carter's Hamacantha (H.) schmidti, q.v.
Taxonomy Schmidt's (1870) record of this species from Florida was assigned to Carter's Hamacantha (H.) schmidti, q.v. [details]
de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2024). World Porifera Database. Hamacantha (Hamacantha) johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864). Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=168423 on 2024-11-19
original description
(of Hamacantha johnsoni var. inelegans Topsent, 1892) Topsent, E. (1892). Contribution à l'étude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Terre-Neuve, Açores). <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco.</em> 2: 1-165, pls I-XI.
page(s): 86 [details]
original description (of Hamacantha johnsoni var. complanata Topsent, 1892) Topsent, E. (1892). Contribution à l'étude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Terre-Neuve, Açores). <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco.</em> 2: 1-165, pls I-XI.
page(s): 86 [details]
original description (of Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864) Bowerbank, J.S. (1864). A Monograph of the British Spongiadae.Volume 1. (Ray Society: London): i-xx, 1-290, pls I-XXXVII. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1883085
page(s): 34-35 & figs 112 & 293 [details]
basis of record Longo, C.; Mastrototaro, F.; Corriero, G. (2005). Sponge fauna associated with a Mediterranean deep-sea coral bank. <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.</em> 85: 1341-1352.
page(s): 1343 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Ríos, P.; Cristobo, J.; Sánchez, F. (2017). Porifera del cañón de la Gaviera (sistemas de cañones de Avilés, mar Cantábrico). <em>Avances en estudios de biología marina: contribuciones del XVIII SIEBM GIJÓN. Temas de Oceanografía. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Madrid. Spain.</em> 10: 123-133.
page(s): 130 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source D'Onghia, G.; Capezzuto, F.; Cardone, F.; Carlucci, R.; Carluccio, A.; Chimienti, G.; Corriero, G.; Longo, C.; Maiorano, P.; Mastrototaro, F.; Panetta, P.; Rosso, A.; Sanfilippo, R.; Sion, L.; Tursi, A. (2015). Macro- and megafauna recorded in the submarine Bari Canyon (southern Adriatic, Mediterranean Sea) using different tools. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 16(1): 180-196., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.1082
page(s): 184 [details] Available for editors [request]
basis of record (of Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864) Arnesen, E. (1903). Spongien von der norwegischen Küste. II. Monaxonida: Halichondrina. <em>Bergens Museum Åarbog.</em> 1903: 1-30, pls I-VII. [details]
basis of record (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Stephens, J. (1921 [1920]). Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. II. The Tetraxonida (concluded). <em>Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch. Department of Agriculture for Ireland.</em> 1920 (2): 1-75, pls I-VI.
page(s): 14-15 [details]
basis of record (of Hamacantha johnsoni var. inelegans Topsent, 1892) Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, <b><i>in</i></b>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification</i>. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record (of Hamacantha johnsoni var. complanata Topsent, 1892) Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, <b><i>in</i></b>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification</i>. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Topsent, E. (1892). Contribution à l'étude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Terre-Neuve, Açores). <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco.</em> 2: 1-165, pls I-XI.
page(s): 85-86 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Topsent, E. (1904). Spongiaires des Açores. <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco.</em> 25: 1-280, pls 1-18., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40603003
page(s): 215-217 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Topsent, E. (1913). Spongiaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de la ‘Princesse Alice' dans les Mers du Nord (1898-1899 - 1906-1907). <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I de Monaco.</em> 45: 1-67, pls I-V.
page(s): 50 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Topsent, E. (1928). Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Méditerranée provenant des croisières du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco.</em> 74:1-376, pls I-XI.
page(s): 554 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Vacelet, J. (1969). Eponges de la Roche du Large et de l'étage bathyal de Méditerranée (Récoltes de la soucoupe plongeante Cousteau et dragages). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. <em>Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (A, Zoologie).</em> 59(2): 145-219, pls I-IV.
page(s): 193 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Burton, M. (1931). The Folden Fiord. Report on the sponges collected by Mr. Soot-Ryven in the Folden Fiord in the year 1923. <em>Tromsø Museum Skrifter.</em> 1 (13): 1-8.
page(s): 4 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Richard, J. (1900). Les campagnes scientifiques de S.A.S. le Prince Albert Ier de Monaco. Exposition Universelle de 1900, Principauté de Monaco 1-140, figs. 1-60.
page(s): 68, pl IX [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Topsent, E. (1895). Campagnes du yacht Princess Alice. Notice sur les spongiaires recueillis en 1894 et 1895. <em>Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France.</em> 20: 213-216.
page(s): 213 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Cruz, T. (2002). Esponjas marinas de Canarias. <em>Consejería de Política Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias.</em> S/C Tenerife. 260 pp. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Sitjà, C.; Maldonado, M.; Farias, C.; Rueda, J.L. (2019). Deep-water sponge fauna from the mud volcanoes of the Gulf of Cadiz (North Atlantic, Spain). <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.</em> 99 (4): 807 - 831., available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315418000589
page(s): SUP MAT Appendix 1 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, <b><i>in</i></b>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification</i>. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Boury-Esnault, N.; Pansini, M.; Uriz, M.J. (1994). Spongiaires bathyaux de la mer d'Alboran et du golfe ibéro-marocain. <em>Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle.</em> 160: 1-174., available online at http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/ged/viewportalpublished.ashx?eid=IFD_FICJOINT_MNHN_MMNHN_S000_1994_T160_N000_1
page(s): 99; fig 73 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Burton, M. (1956). The sponges of West Africa. <em>Atlantide Report (Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa, 1945-1946, Copenhagen).</em> 4: 111-147.
page(s): 142 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Ferrer Hernández, F. (1914). Esponjas del Cantábrico. Parte 2. III. Myxospongida. IV. Tetraxonida. V. Triaxonida. <em>Trabajos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Zoológica).</em> 17: 1-46.
page(s): 35 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Lévi, C. (1960). Spongiaires des côtes occidentales africaines. <em>Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire (A. Sciences naturelles).</em> 22 (3): 743-769.
page(s): 758 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1983). A collection of Mediterranean Demospongiae (Porifera) with, in appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria.</em> 84: 445-621.
page(s): 554 [details] Available for editors [request]
new combination reference (of Desmacella johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Schmidt, O. (1870). Grundzüge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig): iii-iv, 1-88, pls I-VI.
page(s): 53-54; note: Schmidt's record is a misapplication. [details]
page(s): 86 [details]
original description (of Hamacantha johnsoni var. complanata Topsent, 1892) Topsent, E. (1892). Contribution à l'étude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Terre-Neuve, Açores). <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco.</em> 2: 1-165, pls I-XI.
page(s): 86 [details]
original description (of Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864) Bowerbank, J.S. (1864). A Monograph of the British Spongiadae.Volume 1. (Ray Society: London): i-xx, 1-290, pls I-XXXVII. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1883085
page(s): 34-35 & figs 112 & 293 [details]
basis of record Longo, C.; Mastrototaro, F.; Corriero, G. (2005). Sponge fauna associated with a Mediterranean deep-sea coral bank. <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.</em> 85: 1341-1352.
page(s): 1343 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Ríos, P.; Cristobo, J.; Sánchez, F. (2017). Porifera del cañón de la Gaviera (sistemas de cañones de Avilés, mar Cantábrico). <em>Avances en estudios de biología marina: contribuciones del XVIII SIEBM GIJÓN. Temas de Oceanografía. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Madrid. Spain.</em> 10: 123-133.
page(s): 130 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source D'Onghia, G.; Capezzuto, F.; Cardone, F.; Carlucci, R.; Carluccio, A.; Chimienti, G.; Corriero, G.; Longo, C.; Maiorano, P.; Mastrototaro, F.; Panetta, P.; Rosso, A.; Sanfilippo, R.; Sion, L.; Tursi, A. (2015). Macro- and megafauna recorded in the submarine Bari Canyon (southern Adriatic, Mediterranean Sea) using different tools. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 16(1): 180-196., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.1082
page(s): 184 [details] Available for editors [request]
basis of record (of Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864) Arnesen, E. (1903). Spongien von der norwegischen Küste. II. Monaxonida: Halichondrina. <em>Bergens Museum Åarbog.</em> 1903: 1-30, pls I-VII. [details]
basis of record (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Stephens, J. (1921 [1920]). Sponges of the Coasts of Ireland. II. The Tetraxonida (concluded). <em>Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch. Department of Agriculture for Ireland.</em> 1920 (2): 1-75, pls I-VI.
page(s): 14-15 [details]
basis of record (of Hamacantha johnsoni var. inelegans Topsent, 1892) Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, <b><i>in</i></b>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification</i>. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record (of Hamacantha johnsoni var. complanata Topsent, 1892) Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, <b><i>in</i></b>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification</i>. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Topsent, E. (1892). Contribution à l'étude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Terre-Neuve, Açores). <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco.</em> 2: 1-165, pls I-XI.
page(s): 85-86 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Topsent, E. (1904). Spongiaires des Açores. <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco.</em> 25: 1-280, pls 1-18., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40603003
page(s): 215-217 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Topsent, E. (1913). Spongiaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de la ‘Princesse Alice' dans les Mers du Nord (1898-1899 - 1906-1907). <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I de Monaco.</em> 45: 1-67, pls I-V.
page(s): 50 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Topsent, E. (1928). Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Méditerranée provenant des croisières du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco.</em> 74:1-376, pls I-XI.
page(s): 554 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Vacelet, J. (1969). Eponges de la Roche du Large et de l'étage bathyal de Méditerranée (Récoltes de la soucoupe plongeante Cousteau et dragages). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. <em>Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (A, Zoologie).</em> 59(2): 145-219, pls I-IV.
page(s): 193 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Burton, M. (1931). The Folden Fiord. Report on the sponges collected by Mr. Soot-Ryven in the Folden Fiord in the year 1923. <em>Tromsø Museum Skrifter.</em> 1 (13): 1-8.
page(s): 4 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Richard, J. (1900). Les campagnes scientifiques de S.A.S. le Prince Albert Ier de Monaco. Exposition Universelle de 1900, Principauté de Monaco 1-140, figs. 1-60.
page(s): 68, pl IX [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Topsent, E. (1895). Campagnes du yacht Princess Alice. Notice sur les spongiaires recueillis en 1894 et 1895. <em>Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France.</em> 20: 213-216.
page(s): 213 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Cruz, T. (2002). Esponjas marinas de Canarias. <em>Consejería de Política Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias.</em> S/C Tenerife. 260 pp. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Sitjà, C.; Maldonado, M.; Farias, C.; Rueda, J.L. (2019). Deep-water sponge fauna from the mud volcanoes of the Gulf of Cadiz (North Atlantic, Spain). <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.</em> 99 (4): 807 - 831., available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315418000589
page(s): SUP MAT Appendix 1 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001). Porifera, <b><i>in</i></b>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification</i>. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 85-103. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Boury-Esnault, N.; Pansini, M.; Uriz, M.J. (1994). Spongiaires bathyaux de la mer d'Alboran et du golfe ibéro-marocain. <em>Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle.</em> 160: 1-174., available online at http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/ged/viewportalpublished.ashx?eid=IFD_FICJOINT_MNHN_MMNHN_S000_1994_T160_N000_1
page(s): 99; fig 73 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Burton, M. (1956). The sponges of West Africa. <em>Atlantide Report (Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa, 1945-1946, Copenhagen).</em> 4: 111-147.
page(s): 142 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Ferrer Hernández, F. (1914). Esponjas del Cantábrico. Parte 2. III. Myxospongida. IV. Tetraxonida. V. Triaxonida. <em>Trabajos del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Zoológica).</em> 17: 1-46.
page(s): 35 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Lévi, C. (1960). Spongiaires des côtes occidentales africaines. <em>Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire (A. Sciences naturelles).</em> 22 (3): 743-769.
page(s): 758 [details]
additional source (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1983). A collection of Mediterranean Demospongiae (Porifera) with, in appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria.</em> 84: 445-621.
page(s): 554 [details] Available for editors [request]
new combination reference (of Desmacella johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) Schmidt, O. (1870). Grundzüge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig): iii-iv, 1-88, pls I-VI.
page(s): 53-54; note: Schmidt's record is a misapplication. [details]
Unknown type (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) MNHN DT 1076, geounit Azores Canaries Madeira [details]
Unknown type (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) MNHN DT 1077, geounit Azores Canaries Madeira [details]
Unknown type (of Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)) MNHN DT 1078, geounit Azores Canaries Madeira [details]
From editor or global species database
Taxonomy Schmidt's (1870) record of this species from Florida was assigned to Carter's Hamacantha (H.) schmidti, q.v. [details]
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications) (from synonym Desmacella johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (9 publications) (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864))
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Hamacantha johnsoni) (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864))
To GenBank (2 nucleotides; 0 proteins) (from synonym Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864)
To GenBank (2 nucleotides; 0 proteins) (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864))
To PESI (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864))
To PESI (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni var. complanata Topsent, 1892)
To PESI (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni var. inelegans Topsent, 1892)
To PESI
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (9 publications) (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864))
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Hamacantha johnsoni) (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864))
To GenBank (2 nucleotides; 0 proteins) (from synonym Hymedesmia johnsoni Bowerbank, 1864)
To GenBank (2 nucleotides; 0 proteins) (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864))
To PESI (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864))
To PESI (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni var. complanata Topsent, 1892)
To PESI (from synonym Hamacantha johnsoni var. inelegans Topsent, 1892)
To PESI