Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Acanthurus violaceus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (original description)
Ageneiosus ucayalensis Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Apogon americanus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Argyreiosus spixii Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Selene spixii (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Arius longibarbis Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Leiarius longibarbis (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Bagrus flavicans Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Zungaro zungaro (Humboldt, 1821) (original description)
Bagrus rousseauxii Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Callichthys chiquitos Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828) (original description)
Callichthys splendens Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Corydoras splendens (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Callichthys taiosh Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Corydoras splendens (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Carapus sanguinolentus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (original description)
Centropristis nebulosus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes, 1828) (original description)
Chalceus devillei Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Brycon devillei (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Chalcinus trifurcatus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Triportheus trifurcatus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Chromys acora Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Mesonauta acora (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Chromys appendiculata Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Heros efasciatus Heckel, 1840 (original description)
Chromys fasciata Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Heros efasciatus Heckel, 1840 (original description)
Chromys lapidifera Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Retroculus lapidifer (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Chromys oblonga Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Australoheros facetus (Jenyns, 1842) (original description)
Chromys obscura Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Geophagus obscurus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Chromys proxima Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Geophagus proximus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Chromys ucayalensis Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Chaetobranchus flavescens Heckel, 1840 (original description)
Chromys unimaculata Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (original description)
Chromys uniocellata Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840) (original description)
Chromys unipunctata Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Geophagus obscurus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Conger multidens Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Conger orbignianus Valenciennes, 1837 (original description)
Cycla lacustris Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Crenicichla lacustris (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Cycla toucounarai Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Cichla monoculus Agassiz, 1831 (original description)
Doras weddellii Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Anadoras weddellii (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Galeichthys araguayensis Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Pinirampus pirinampu (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) (original description)
Galeichthys bahiensis Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815) (original description)
Genidens Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Genidens cuvieri Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Genidens genidens (Cuvier, 1829) (original description)
Genidens granulosus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Genidens genidens (Cuvier, 1829) (original description)
Heliases marginata Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Azurina multilineata (Guichenot, 1853) (original description)
Holacanthus formosus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Holacanthus ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (original description)
Hypostomus alatus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Hypostomus asperatus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Hypostomus aurantiacus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Parancistrus aurantiacus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Hypostomus nigricans Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Parancistrus aurantiacus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Hypostomus niveatus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Baryancistrus niveatus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Hypostomus pardalis Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Hypostomus pictus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Lasiancistrus schomburgkii (Günther, 1864) (original description)
Hypostomus spinosus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Pseudacanthicus spinosus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Hypostomus subcarinatus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Hypostomus vicinus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Parancistrus aurantiacus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Johnius amazonicus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) (original description)
Johnius auratus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Plagioscion auratus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Johnius crouvina Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) (original description)
Lepidosiren arnaudii Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Protopterus aethiopicus Heckel, 1851 (original description)
Lepidosiren tobal Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839) (original description)
Leporinus bimaculatus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Loricaria amazonica Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Loricariichthys maculatus (Bloch, 1794) (original description)
Loricaria carinata Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758 (original description)
Loricaria castanea Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Loricariichthys castaneus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Monacanthus ruppelii Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Cantherhines pullus (Ranzani, 1842) (original description)
Monochir punctifer Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Achirus achirus (Linnaeus, 1758) (original description)
Murenophis caramuru Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829) (original description)
Murenophis curvilineata Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829) (original description)
Murenophis vicina Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Ophisurus gomesii Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Ophichthus gomesii (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Orestias tschudii Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Pimelodus versicolor Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Genidens barbus (Lacepède, 1803) (original description)
Plataxoides Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Pterophyllum Heckel, 1840 (original description)
Plataxoides dumerilii Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Pterophyllum scalare (Schultze, 1823) (original description)
Platystoma punctifer Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Pomacentrus pictus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Stegastes pictus (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Pomacentrus variabilis Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Stegastes variabilis (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Rhamphichthys lineatus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Rhamphichthys marmoratus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Rhamphichthys pantherinus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Rhombus aramaca Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Paralichthys brasiliensis (Ranzani, 1842) (original description)
Rhombus bahianus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Bothus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) (original description)
Serrasalmus gibbus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Sternarchorhynchus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Sternarchorhynchus mulleri Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Sternarchorhynchus oxyrhynchus (Müller & Troschel, 1849) (original description)
Sternarchus bonapartii Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Apteronotus bonapartii (Castelnau, 1855) (original description)
Sternarchus lacepedii Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Apteronotus albifrons (Linnaeus, 1766) (original description)
Sternarchus maximilliani Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Apteronotus albifrons (Linnaeus, 1766) (original description)
Synbranchus vittatus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 (original description)
Tetragonopterus sawa Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816 (original description)
Tetragonopterus vittatus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (original description)
Trichomycterus pentlandi Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1846 (original description)
Trichomycterus pictus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1846 (original description)
Trichomycterus punctatissimus Castelnau, 1855 (original description)
Trichomycterus pusillus Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Pareiodon microps Kner, 1855 (original description)
Vandellia plazaii Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes, 1846 (original description)
Xiphostoma oseryi Castelnau, 1855 accepted as Boulengerella cuvieri (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) (original description)
Xyrichtys splendens Castelnau, 1855 (original description)