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Raes, M.; Decraemer, W.; Vanreusel, A. (2006). Postembryonic morphology in Epsilonematidae, with a discussion on the variability of caudal gland outlets. Journal of Nematology. 97-118.
180342
Raes, M.; Decraemer, W.; Vanreusel, A.
2006
Postembryonic morphology in Epsilonematidae, with a discussion on the variability of caudal gland outlets
Journal of Nematology
97-118
Publication
NeMys doc_id: 17870
from NeMys
NeMys doc_id: 17605
Available for editors  PDF available [request]
A new species of Akanthepsilonema and the first-stage juvenile of Glochinema trispinatum are described. Furthermore, additional morphological information is provided for Triepsilonema tripapillata. Animals originate from a cold-water coral degradation zone in the Porcupine Seabight area (North-East Atlantic Ocean). Akanthepsilonema sinecornibus sp. n. differs from A. helleouetae in number of body annules, sexual dimorphism in amphid size, absence of copulatory thorns in males, absence of large spines and horns, shape of the copulatory apparatus, and position of ambulatory setae relative to vulva in females. The genus diagnosis for Akanthepsilonema is adjusted to incorporate the new species. Akanthepsilonema mainly differs from every other genus in the family by the combination of six rows of ambulatory setae situated around the vulva in females and eight subcephalic setae not displaced toward the anterior part of the head capsule. Small differences between the Papua New Guinea and the Porcupine Seabight populations of T. tripapillata indicate minimal intraspecific variability. Second-stage juveniles from Papua New Guinea have two rows of three ambulatory setae, whereas Porcupine Seabight specimens have two rows of four ambulatory setae. First- and fourth-stage juveniles of T. tripapillata are described for the first time. Literature data and personal observations showed that the molting of first-stage juveniles into second-stage juveniles and of third-stage juveniles into fourth-stage juveniles involves a decrease in the number of body rings, resulting in a loss of flexibility which is possibly compensated for by the development (I-II) or the doubling of the number of rows (III-IV) of ambulatory setae. This decrease is also linked with the formation of the head capsule and the smooth tail tip, although intergeneric variability is evident. The molting of second-stage juveniles into third-stage juveniles and of fourth-stage juveniles into adults is also subject to intergeneric variability. The variability in the number and orientation of caudal gland outlets among different nematode taxa is discussed. The presence of separate outlets for the caudal glands seems to be widespread within the family Epsilonematidae and has also been observed in various other, unrelated taxa of free-living aquatic nematodes, although their arrangement in Epsilonematidae is opposite. This aberrant arrangement is probably related to the aberrant locomotory pattern in this family.
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Akanthepsilonema Gourbault & Decraemer, 1991 (taxonomy source)
Akanthepsilonema helleouetae Gourbault & Decraemer, 1991 (taxonomy source)
Akanthepsilonema sinecornibus Raes, Decraemer & Vanreusel, 2006 (original description)
Archepsilonema Steiner, 1927 (taxonomy source)
Bathyepsilonema Steiner, 1927 (taxonomy source)
Bathyepsilonema lopheliae Raes, Vanreusel & Decraemer, 2003 (taxonomy source)
Chronogaster Cobb, 1913 (taxonomy source)
Cygnonema Allen & Noffsinger, 1978 (taxonomy source)
Deontolaimus papillatus de Man, 1880 (taxonomy source)
Desmodora minuta Wieser, 1954 (taxonomy source)
Desmodora schulzi Gerlach, 1950 accepted as Desmodorella schulzi (Gerlach, 1950) Verschelde et al., 1998 (taxonomy source)
Diplopeltula breviceps Gerlach, 1950 (taxonomy source)
Diplopeltula incisa (Southern, 1914) Gerlach, 1962 accepted as Neodiplopeltula incisa (Southern, 1914) Holovachov & Boström, 2018 (taxonomy source)
Dorylaimopsis variabilis Muthumbi, Soetaert & Vincx, 1997 (taxonomy source)
Dracognomus simplex (Gerlach, 1954) Allen & Noffsinger, 1978 (taxonomy source)
Draconema antarcticum Allen & Noffsinger, 1978 (taxonomy source)
Echinotheristus cimbricus Thun & Riemann, 1967 (taxonomy source)
Echinotheristus teutonicus Thun & Riemann, 1967 (taxonomy source)
Epsilonema Steiner, 1927 (taxonomy source)
Epsilonema byssicola Lorenzen, 1973 (taxonomy source)
Epsilonema pustulatum (Gerlach, 1952) (taxonomy source)
Epsilonematidae Steiner, 1927 (taxonomy source)
Glochinema Lorenzen, 1974 (taxonomy source)
Glochinema trispinatum Raes, Vanreusel & Decraemer, 2003 (taxonomy source)
Ixonema Lorenzen, 1971 (taxonomy source)
Keratonema Gourbault & Decraemer, 1986 (taxonomy source)
Leptepsilonema Clasing, 1983 (taxonomy source)
Leptonemella vestari Hoschitz, Buchholz & Ott, 1999 (taxonomy source)
Metaglochinema Gourbault & Decraemer, 1986 (taxonomy source)
Metepsilonema Steiner, 1927 (taxonomy source)
Pararaeolaimus nudus (Gerlach, 1951) (taxonomy source)
Perepsilonema Lorenzen, 1973 (taxonomy source)
Perepsilonema conifer Lorenzen, 1973 (taxonomy source)
Perepsilonema ritae Verschelde & Vincx, 1994 (taxonomy source)
Polkepsilonema Verschelde & Vincx, 1993 (taxonomy source)
Polkepsilonema mombasae Verschelde & Vincx, 1993 (taxonomy source)
Pternepsilonema Verschelde & Vincx, 1993 (taxonomy source)
Pternepsilonema servaesae Verschelde & Vincx, 1993 (taxonomy source)
Sphaerolaimus gracilis de Man, 1876 (taxonomy source)
Theristus caudasaliens Adams & Tyler, 1980 (taxonomy source)
Triepsilonema Decraemer, 1982 (taxonomy source)
Triepsilonema tripapillata Decraemer, 1982 (taxonomy source)