WoRMS taxon details
Xenophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807
138664 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:138664)
accepted
Genus
Xenophora laevigata Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 accepted as Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780) (type by subsequent designation)
Endoptygma Gabb, 1877 † · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Phorus Montfort, 1810 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Xenophora (Endoptygma) Gabb, 1877 † · unaccepted (subgenus is junior synonym of genus)
Xenophora (Xenophora) Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 · unaccepted (subgenus not in use)
Xenophorus · unaccepted (incorrect subsequent spelling of...)
incorrect subsequent spelling of Xenophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807
- Species Xenophora brevis Y. K. Tan, Nappo & Bouchet, 2026
- Species Xenophora cerea (Reeve, 1845)
- Species Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780)
- Species Xenophora corrugata (Reeve, 1842)
- Species Xenophora japonica Kuroda & T. Habe, 1971
- Species Xenophora kermadecensis Ponder, 1983
- Species Xenophora konoi T. Habe, 1953
- Species Xenophora mediterranea Tiberi, 1863
- Species Xenophora neozelanica Suter, 1908
- Species Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842)
- Species Xenophora peroniana (Iredale, 1929)
- Species Xenophora regularis T. Habe & Okutani, 1983
- Species Xenophora robusta A. E. Verrill, 1870
- Species Xenophora senegalensis P. Fischer, 1873
- Species Xenophora simulans Y. K. Tan, Nappo & Bouchet, 2026
- Species Xenophora solarioides (Reeve, 1845)
- Species Xenophora tenuis Fulton, 1938
- Subgenus Xenophora (Austrophora) Kreipl, Alf & Kronenberg, 1999 accepted as Austrophora Kreipl, Alf & Kronenberg, 1999 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
- Subgenus Xenophora (Haliphoebus) P. Fischer, 1879 accepted as Stellaria Möller, 1832 (unaccepted > junior objective synonym)
- Subgenus Xenophora (Onustus) Swainson, 1840 accepted as Onustus Swainson, 1840
- Species Xenophora (Onustus) caribaea (Petit de la Saussaye, 1857) accepted as Onustus caribaeus (Petit de la Saussaye, 1857)
- Species Xenophora (Onustus) exuta (Reeve, 1842) accepted as Onustus exutus (Reeve, 1842)
- Species Xenophora (Onustus) indica (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Onustus indicus (Gmelin, 1791)
- Species Xenophora (Onustus) longleyi Bartsch, 1931 accepted as Onustus longleyi (Bartsch, 1931)
- Subgenus Xenophora (Stellaria) Møller, 1832 accepted as Stellaria Möller, 1832
- Species Xenophora (Stellaria) chinensis (R. A. Philippi, 1841) accepted as Aspidophoreas chinensis (R. A. Philippi, 1841) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Xenophora (Stellaria) gigantea (Schepman, 1909) accepted as Aspidophoreas giganteus (Schepman, 1909)
- Species Xenophora (Stellaria) lamberti (Souverbie, 1871) accepted as Aspidophoreas lamberti (Souverbie, 1871)
- Species Xenophora (Stellaria) sinensis [sic] accepted as Aspidophoreas chinensis (R. A. Philippi, 1841) (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
- Species Xenophora (Stellaria) solaris (Linnaeus, 1764) accepted as Stellaria solaris (Linnaeus, 1764) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Subgenus Xenophora (Trochotugurium) Sacco, 1896 accepted as Onustus Swainson, 1840 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Subgenus Xenophora (Tugurium) P. Fischer, 1879 accepted as Onustus Swainson, 1840
- Subgenus Xenophora (Xenophora) Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 accepted as Xenophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) cerea (Reeve, 1845) accepted as Xenophora cerea (Reeve, 1845) (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) conchyliophora (Born, 1780) accepted as Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780) (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) corrugata (Reeve, 1842) accepted as Xenophora corrugata (Reeve, 1842) (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) flindersi (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938) accepted as Austrophora flindersi (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) granulosa Ponder, 1983 accepted as Xenophora regularis T. Habe & Okutani, 1983 (junior subjective synonym)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) japonica Kuroda & T. Habe, 1971 accepted as Xenophora japonica Kuroda & T. Habe, 1971 (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) konoi T. Habe, 1953 accepted as Xenophora konoi T. Habe, 1953 (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) mekranensis (R. B. Newton, 1905) accepted as Xenophora mekranensis (R. B. Newton, 1905) † (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) neozelanica Suter, 1908 accepted as Xenophora neozelanica Suter, 1908 (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) pallidula (Reeve, 1842) accepted as Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842) (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) peroniana (Iredale, 1929) accepted as Xenophora peroniana (Iredale, 1929) (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) regularis T. Habe & Kosuge, 1983 accepted as Xenophora regularis T. Habe & Okutani, 1983 (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) senegalensis P. Fischer, 1873 accepted as Xenophora senegalensis P. Fischer, 1873 (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) solarioides (Reeve, 1845) accepted as Xenophora solarioides (Reeve, 1845) (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora (Xenophora) tenuis Fulton, 1938 accepted as Xenophora tenuis Fulton, 1938 (subgenus not in use)
- Species Xenophora australis Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1871 accepted as Xenophora solarioides (Reeve, 1845) (synonym)
- Species Xenophora calculifera (Reeve, 1842) accepted as Aspidophoreas chinensis chinensis (R. A. Philippi, 1841)
- Species Xenophora caperata R. A. Philippi, 1849 sensu Petit de la Saussaye, 1857 accepted as Xenophora senegalensis P. Fischer, 1873 (unaccepted > misapplication)
- Species Xenophora caribaea Petit de la Saussaye, 1857 accepted as Onustus caribaeus (Petit de la Saussaye, 1857) (original combination)
- Species Xenophora cavelieri Rochebrune, 1883 accepted as Xenophora senegalensis P. Fischer, 1873 (synonym)
- Species Xenophora digitata E. von Martens, 1878 accepted as Ponderiana digitata (E. von Martens, 1878) (original combination)
- Species Xenophora flindersi (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938) accepted as Austrophora flindersi (Cotton & Godfrey, 1938) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Xenophora gigantea Schepman, 1909 accepted as Aspidophoreas giganteus (Schepman, 1909) (original combination)
- Species Xenophora granulosa Ponder, 1983 accepted as Xenophora regularis T. Habe & Okutani, 1983
- Species Xenophora helvacea R. A. Philippi, 1851 accepted as Onustus indicus (Gmelin, 1791)
- Species Xenophora laevigata Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 accepted as Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780) (synonym)
- Species Xenophora lamberti Souverbie, 1871 accepted as Aspidophoreas lamberti (Souverbie, 1871) (original combination)
- Species Xenophora longleyi Bartsch, 1931 accepted as Onustus longleyi (Bartsch, 1931) (original combination)
- Species Xenophora meandrina Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 accepted as Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780) (synonym)
- Species Xenophora mecandrina Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 accepted as Xenophora meandrina Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 accepted as Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780) (inadvertent error)
- Species Xenophora minuta Z.-Y. Qi & X.-T. Ma, 1986 accepted as Xenophora japonica Kuroda & T. Habe, 1971 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, tentative synonym)
- Species Xenophora sinensis accepted as Aspidophoreas chinensis (R. A. Philippi, 1841) (lapsus calami)
- Species Xenophora solariformis Tesch, 1920 accepted as Stellaria solaris (Linnaeus, 1764)
- Species Xenophora solaris (Linnaeus, 1764) accepted as Stellaria solaris (Linnaeus, 1764) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Xenophora tenuis S. Hirase, 1934 accepted as Xenophora (Xenophora) tenuis Fulton, 1938 accepted as Xenophora tenuis Fulton, 1938 (nomen nudum)
- Species Xenophora torrida Kuroda & Ko. Itô, 1961 accepted as Xenophora cerea (Reeve, 1845) (synonym)
- Species Xenophora tricostata Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 accepted as Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780) (synonym)
- Species Xenophora tulearensis K. A. Stewart & Kosuge, 1993 accepted as Xenophora corrugata (Reeve, 1842) (synonym)
- Species Xenophora vulcanica Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 accepted as Xenophora conchyliophora (Born, 1780) (synonym)
- Species Xenophora wagneri R. A. Philippi, 1855 accepted as Onustus indicus (Gmelin, 1791) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
marine
Fischer von Waldheim, G. (1807). <i>Museum Demidoff, ou, Catalogue systématique et raisonné des curiosités de la nature et de l'art: données à l'Université Impériale de Moscou par son excellence Monsieur Paul de Demidoff. Tome III. Végétaux et Animaux</i>. Moscow: Imprimerie de Université Impériale de Moscou. 300 pp, 6 pls. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58562487
page(s): vol. 3 p. 213 [details]
page(s): vol. 3 p. 213 [details]
MolluscaBase eds. (2026). MolluscaBase. Xenophora Fischer von Waldheim, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138664 on 2026-07-22
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Nomenclature
original description
Fischer von Waldheim, G. (1807). <i>Museum Demidoff, ou, Catalogue systématique et raisonné des curiosités de la nature et de l'art: données à l'Université Impériale de Moscou par son excellence Monsieur Paul de Demidoff. Tome III. Végétaux et Animaux</i>. Moscow: Imprimerie de Université Impériale de Moscou. 300 pp, 6 pls. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58562487
page(s): vol. 3 p. 213 [details]
original description (of Phorus Montfort, 1810) Montfort P. [Denys de]. (1808-1810). Conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles. <em>Paris: Schoell.</em> Vol. 1: pp. lxxxvii + 409 [1808]. Vol. 2: pp. 676 + 16 [1810 (before 28 May)]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/10571
page(s): 2:158 [details]
original description (of Endoptygma Gabb, 1877 †) Gabb, W. M. (1877). Notes on American Cretaceous fossils, with descriptions of some new species. <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 28: 276-324, 1 pl. ["1876", published 23 Jan 1877]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26299027
page(s): 302 [details]
basis of record Kreipl K. & Alf A. (1999). Recent Xenophoridae. Conchbooks, Hackenheim > Germany. 148pp. [details]
page(s): vol. 3 p. 213 [details]
original description (of Phorus Montfort, 1810) Montfort P. [Denys de]. (1808-1810). Conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles. <em>Paris: Schoell.</em> Vol. 1: pp. lxxxvii + 409 [1808]. Vol. 2: pp. 676 + 16 [1810 (before 28 May)]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/10571
page(s): 2:158 [details]
original description (of Endoptygma Gabb, 1877 †) Gabb, W. M. (1877). Notes on American Cretaceous fossils, with descriptions of some new species. <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 28: 276-324, 1 pl. ["1876", published 23 Jan 1877]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26299027
page(s): 302 [details]
basis of record Kreipl K. & Alf A. (1999). Recent Xenophoridae. Conchbooks, Hackenheim > Germany. 148pp. [details]
Other
additional source
Ponder, W. F. (1983). A revision of the Recent Xenophoridae of the World and of the Australian fossil species (Mollusca: Gastropoda). <em>Australian Museum Memoir.</em> 17: 1-126., available online at http://australianmuseum.net.au/journal/Ponder-1983-Aust-Mus-Mem-17-1126/ [details] Available for editors 
[request]
additional source Manganelli G., Spadini V. & Cianfanelli S. (2004 ["2003"]). The xenophorid gastropods of the Mediterranean Pliocene: the record of the Siena Basin. <em>Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana.</em> 43(3): 409-451., available online at http://paleoitalia.org/archives/file/bollettino-spi/199 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Feinstein, N. & Cairns, S. D. (1998). Learning from the collector: A survey of azooxanthellate corals affixed by <i>Xenophora</i> (Gastropoda: Xenophoridae), with an analysis and discussion of attachment patterns. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 112(3): 73-83, figs. 1-10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8272593 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Lyman, F. B. (1936). My discovery and observation of the living <i>Xenophora</i> in Florida waters. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 49(4): 141-142., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8527786 [details]
additional source Tan, Y. K., Nappo, A. & Bouchet, P. (2026). Integrative species delimitation of carrier snails (Caenogastropoda: Stromboidea: Xenophoridae) with a new genus and five new species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 5839(3): 439-469., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5839.3.2 [details] Available for editors [request]
subsequent type designation Harris, G. F. (1897). Catalogue of Tertiary Mollusca in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History). Part I. The Australasian Tertiary Mollusca. London: British Museum (Natural History). xxvi + 406 pp., 6 pls. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8400599 [details]
[request]additional source Manganelli G., Spadini V. & Cianfanelli S. (2004 ["2003"]). The xenophorid gastropods of the Mediterranean Pliocene: the record of the Siena Basin. <em>Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana.</em> 43(3): 409-451., available online at http://paleoitalia.org/archives/file/bollettino-spi/199 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Feinstein, N. & Cairns, S. D. (1998). Learning from the collector: A survey of azooxanthellate corals affixed by <i>Xenophora</i> (Gastropoda: Xenophoridae), with an analysis and discussion of attachment patterns. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 112(3): 73-83, figs. 1-10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8272593 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Lyman, F. B. (1936). My discovery and observation of the living <i>Xenophora</i> in Florida waters. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 49(4): 141-142., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8527786 [details]
additional source Tan, Y. K., Nappo, A. & Bouchet, P. (2026). Integrative species delimitation of carrier snails (Caenogastropoda: Stromboidea: Xenophoridae) with a new genus and five new species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 5839(3): 439-469., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5839.3.2 [details] Available for editors
[request]subsequent type designation Harris, G. F. (1897). Catalogue of Tertiary Mollusca in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History). Part I. The Australasian Tertiary Mollusca. London: British Museum (Natural History). xxvi + 406 pp., 6 pls. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8400599 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Unreviewed
Habitat Known from seamounts and knolls [details]
