Turbellarians taxon details
Trigonostomum penicillatum (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1905
143455 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:143455)
accepted
Species
Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911 · unaccepted
Vortex penicillatus Schmidt, 1857 · unaccepted
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
(of Vortex penicillatus Schmidt, 1857) Schmidt, O. (1857). Zur Kenntnis der Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela und einiger anderer Würmer des Mittelmeeres. <em>Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe.</em> 23(2): 347-366, plates 1-5., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36386704
page(s): 352–353 [details]
page(s): 352–353 [details]
Tyler, S., Artois, T.; Schilling, S.; Hooge, M.; Bush, L.F. (eds) (2006-2024). World List of turbellarian worms: Acoelomorpha, Catenulida, Rhabditophora. Trigonostomum penicillatum (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1905. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/turbellarians/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=143455 on 2026-02-15
Date
action
by
original description
(of Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911) Graff, L. V. (1911). Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloeocoela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten. Mit Nachträgen zu dem marinen Turbellarien Orotavas und der Küsten Europas. <em>Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie.</em> 99: 68-65; 1-108., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9755776
page(s): 60, t. 4, f. 44, 45 [details]
original description (of Vortex penicillatus Schmidt, 1857) Schmidt, O. (1857). Zur Kenntnis der Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela und einiger anderer Würmer des Mittelmeeres. <em>Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe.</em> 23(2): 347-366, plates 1-5., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36386704
page(s): 352–353 [details]
taxonomy source Willems, W.; Artois,T.; Vermin, W.; Schockaert, E. (2004). Revision of Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida, Trigonostomidae) with the description of seven new species. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 141(2): 271-296., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00124.x [details] Available for editors
basis of record Faubel, A.; Noreña, C. (2001). Turbellaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 123-136 (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Vanstraelen, L.; Artois, T.; Backeljau, T.; Kmentova, N.; Geraerts, M.; Monnens, M. (2025). A Scanning Electron Microscopy Method to Visualise the Copulatory Organ Morphology of Microturbellarian Flatworms: Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 as a Case Study. <em>Journal of Morphology.</em> 286:e70040., available online at https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70040 [details] Available for editors
new combination reference Graff, L. von. (1905). Marine Turbellarien Orotavas und der Küsten Europas. II. Rhabdocoela. <em>Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie.</em> 83: 68-150. With 5 plates., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43242488
page(s): 113; note: Brings all species of Hyporhynchus to the genus Trigonostomum, except for H. venenosus (see p.113). [details]
additional source (of Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911) Graff, L. von. (1913). Turbellaria II. Rhabdocoelida. [Das Tierreich, Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen Heft 35/1913]. Berlin, Verlag von R. Friedländer und Sohn, Ausgegeben im Juni 1913., 484 pages. [reprinted 1966, Verlag Von J. Cramer W], available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/883047
page(s): 309–310 [details]
additional source (of Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911) Meixner, J. (1924). Studien zu einer Monographie der Kalyptorhynchia und zum System der Turbellaria Rhabdocoela. <em>Zoologischer Anzeiger.</em> 60: 89-105, 113–125.
page(s): 96, 99 [details] Available for editors
source of synonymy (of Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911) Willems, W.; Artois,T.; Vermin, W.; Schockaert, E. (2004). Revision of Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida, Trigonostomidae) with the description of seven new species. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 141(2): 271-296., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00124.x [details] Available for editors
new combination reference (of Hyporhynchus penicillatus (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1882) Graff, L., von. (1882). Monographie der Turbellarien 1. Rhabdocoelida. <em>[Book].</em> 1-442, Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig., available online at https://books.google.com/books/about/Monographie_der_Turbellarien.html?id=LT0hAQAAMAAJ
page(s): 341 [details]
page(s): 60, t. 4, f. 44, 45 [details]
original description (of Vortex penicillatus Schmidt, 1857) Schmidt, O. (1857). Zur Kenntnis der Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela und einiger anderer Würmer des Mittelmeeres. <em>Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe.</em> 23(2): 347-366, plates 1-5., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36386704
page(s): 352–353 [details]
taxonomy source Willems, W.; Artois,T.; Vermin, W.; Schockaert, E. (2004). Revision of Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida, Trigonostomidae) with the description of seven new species. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 141(2): 271-296., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00124.x [details] Available for editors
basis of record Faubel, A.; Noreña, C. (2001). Turbellaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 123-136 (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Vanstraelen, L.; Artois, T.; Backeljau, T.; Kmentova, N.; Geraerts, M.; Monnens, M. (2025). A Scanning Electron Microscopy Method to Visualise the Copulatory Organ Morphology of Microturbellarian Flatworms: Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 as a Case Study. <em>Journal of Morphology.</em> 286:e70040., available online at https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70040 [details] Available for editors
new combination reference Graff, L. von. (1905). Marine Turbellarien Orotavas und der Küsten Europas. II. Rhabdocoela. <em>Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie.</em> 83: 68-150. With 5 plates., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43242488
page(s): 113; note: Brings all species of Hyporhynchus to the genus Trigonostomum, except for H. venenosus (see p.113). [details]
additional source (of Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911) Graff, L. von. (1913). Turbellaria II. Rhabdocoelida. [Das Tierreich, Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen Heft 35/1913]. Berlin, Verlag von R. Friedländer und Sohn, Ausgegeben im Juni 1913., 484 pages. [reprinted 1966, Verlag Von J. Cramer W], available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/883047
page(s): 309–310 [details]
additional source (of Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911) Meixner, J. (1924). Studien zu einer Monographie der Kalyptorhynchia und zum System der Turbellaria Rhabdocoela. <em>Zoologischer Anzeiger.</em> 60: 89-105, 113–125.
page(s): 96, 99 [details] Available for editors
source of synonymy (of Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911) Willems, W.; Artois,T.; Vermin, W.; Schockaert, E. (2004). Revision of Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida, Trigonostomidae) with the description of seven new species. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 141(2): 271-296., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00124.x [details] Available for editors
new combination reference (of Hyporhynchus penicillatus (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1882) Graff, L., von. (1882). Monographie der Turbellarien 1. Rhabdocoelida. <em>[Book].</em> 1-442, Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig., available online at https://books.google.com/books/about/Monographie_der_Turbellarien.html?id=LT0hAQAAMAAJ
page(s): 341 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (5 publications) (from synonym Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (6 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (6 publications) (from synonym Vortex penicillatus Schmidt, 1857)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Hyporhynchus penicillatus (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1882)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Trigonostomum penicillatum)
To GenBank (5 nucleotides; 1 proteins)
To PESI
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Hyporhynchus penicillatus (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1882)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Vortex penicillatus Schmidt, 1857)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (6 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (6 publications) (from synonym Vortex penicillatus Schmidt, 1857)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Hyporhynchus penicillatus (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1882)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Trigonostomum penicillatum)
To GenBank (5 nucleotides; 1 proteins)
To PESI
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Hyporhynchus penicillatus (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1882)To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911)To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Vortex penicillatus Schmidt, 1857)From editor or global species database
