WoRMS taxon details
Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852
142443 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:142443)
accepted
Genus
Trigonostomum setigerum Schmidt, 1852 (type by monotypy)
Hyporcus Graff, 1905 · unaccepted (nomen oblitum)
Hyporhynchus Graff, 1882 · unaccepted (Nomen oblitum)
Kylosphaera Jensen, 1878 · unaccepted
Orcus Uljanin, 1870 · unaccepted
Scillivortex · unaccepted (Literature misspelling in the...)
Literature misspelling in the original description
Scillyvortex Faubel & Warwick, 2005 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Spiroclytus Schmidt, 1857 · unaccepted (Schmidt (1857) proposes this as a...)
Schmidt (1857) proposes this as a replacement name for Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852, for etymological reasons. This is not according to the rules of ICZN, zo Spiroclytus stays a junior synonym of Trigonostomum.
Woodsholia Graff, 1911 · unaccepted
- Species Trigonostomum armatum (Jensen, 1878) Graff, 1905
- Species Trigonostomum australe Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
- Species Trigonostomum breitfussi (Graff, 1905) Meixner, 1924
- Species Trigonostomum coronatum (Graff, 1882) Graff, 1905
- Species Trigonostomum denhartogi (Karling, 1978) Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
- Species Trigonostomum franki Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
- Species Trigonostomum galapagoense Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
- Species Trigonostomum lilliei (Graff, 1911) Meixner, 1924
- Species Trigonostomum messoplanoides Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2000
- Species Trigonostomum mirabile (Pereyaslawzewa, 1892) Graff, 1905
- Species Trigonostomum nataschae Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
- Species Trigonostomum penicillatum (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1905
- Species Trigonostomum prytherchi Kepner, Ferguson & Stirewalt, 1941
- Species Trigonostomum setigerum Schmidt, 1852
- Species Trigonostomum sinense Wang & Hu, 2019
- Species Trigonostomum spinigerum Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
- Species Trigonostomum tillicum Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2017
- Species Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
- Species Trigonostomum vanmecheleni Artois, Schockaert, Beenaerts & Reygel, 2013
- Species Trigonostomum venenosum (Uljanin, 1870) Meixner, 1924
- Species Trigonostomum watsoni Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
- Species Trigonostomum yoandrisi Diez, Reygel & Artois, 2023
- Species Trigonostomum brunchorsti Graff, 1905 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Species Trigonostomum piriforme (Pereyaslawzewa, 1892) Graff, 1905 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Species Trigonostomum australis Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 accepted as Trigonostomum australe Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 (Wrong gender of epithet. Trigonostomum is neuter. Therefore, following Art 31.2 and 34.2 of ICZN the gender shoud be adjusted.)
- Species Trigonostomum divae Marcus, 1948 accepted as Trigonostomum lilliei (Graff, 1911) Meixner, 1924
- Species Trigonostomum galapagoensis Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 accepted as Trigonostomum galapagoense Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 (Wrong gender of epithet. Trigonostomum is neuter. Therefore, following Art 31.2 and 34.2 of ICZN the gender shoud be adjusted.)
- Species Trigonostomum intermedium (Attems, 1896) Graff, 1905 accepted as Trigonostomum coronatum (Graff, 1882) Graff, 1905
- Species Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911 accepted as Trigonostomum penicillatum (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1905
- Species Trigonostomum quadrifolium Riedl, 1954 accepted as Trigonostomum coronatum (Graff, 1882) Graff, 1905
- Species Trigonostomum sinensis Wang & Hu, 2019 accepted as Trigonostomum sinense Wang & Hu, 2019 (unaccepted > incorrect grammatical agreement of specific epithet)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
neuter
Schmidt, O. (1852). Neue Rhabdocoelen aus dem nordischen und dem Adriatischen Meere. <em>Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften.</em> 9: 490–505. With 5 plates. [details] 
Tyler, S., Artois, T.; Schilling, S.; Hooge, M.; Bush, L.F. (eds) (2006-2026). World List of turbellarian worms: Acoelomorpha, Catenulida, Rhabditophora. Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=142443 on 2026-10-04
Date
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The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons
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Nomenclature
original description
Schmidt, O. (1852). Neue Rhabdocoelen aus dem nordischen und dem Adriatischen Meere. <em>Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften.</em> 9: 490–505. With 5 plates. [details]
original description (of Scillyvortex Faubel & Warwick, 2005) Faubel, A.; Warwick, R. M. (2005). The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes ('Turbellaria'). <em>Journal of Natural History.</em> 39(1): 1-45., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
page(s): 35-37, Fig. 8A,B [details] Available for editors
[request]
original description (of Woodsholia Graff, 1911) Graff, L. V. (1911). Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloeocoela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten. Mit Nachträgen zu dem marinen Turbellarien Orotavas und der Küsten Europas. <em>Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie.</em> 99: 68-65; 1-108., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9755776 [details]
original description (of Hyporcus Graff, 1905) Graff, L. von. (1905). Marine Turbellarien Orotavas und der Küsten Europas. II. Rhabdocoela. <em>Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie.</em> 83: 68-150. With 5 plates., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43242488 [details]
original description (of Hyporhynchus Graff, 1882) Graff, L., von. (1882). Monographie der Turbellarien 1. Rhabdocoelida. <em>[Book].</em> 1-442, Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig., available online at https://books.google.com/books/about/Monographie_der_Turbellarien.html?id=LT0hAQAAMAAJ
page(s): 336–337 [details]
original description (of Kylosphaera Jensen, 1878) Jensen, O. S. (1878). Turbellaria ad litora Norvegiae occidentalia. Turbellarier ved Norges Vestkyst. <em>J W Eided Bogtrykkeri, Bergen.</em> 97 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1582487
page(s): 44-45 [details]
original description (of Spiroclytus Schmidt, 1857) Schmidt, O. (1857). Zur Kenntnis der Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela und einiger anderer Würmer des Mittelmeeres. <em>Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe.</em> 23(2): 347-366, plates 1-5., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36386704
page(s): 356–358 [details]
original description (of Orcus Uljanin, 1870) Uljanin, W. (1870). Die Turbellarien der Bucht von Sebastopol. <em>Berichte des Vereins der Freunde der Naturwissenschaften zu Moskou.</em> 96pp + 7pl.
page(s): 19–20 [details]
basis of record Faubel, A.; Noreña, C. (2001). Turbellaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 123-136 (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Scillyvortex Faubel & Warwick, 2005) Faubel, A.; Warwick, R. M. (2005). The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes ('Turbellaria'). <em>Journal of Natural History.</em> 39(1): 1-45., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
page(s): 35-37, Fig. 8A,B [details] Available for editors
[request]original description (of Woodsholia Graff, 1911) Graff, L. V. (1911). Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloeocoela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten. Mit Nachträgen zu dem marinen Turbellarien Orotavas und der Küsten Europas. <em>Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie.</em> 99: 68-65; 1-108., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9755776 [details]
original description (of Hyporcus Graff, 1905) Graff, L. von. (1905). Marine Turbellarien Orotavas und der Küsten Europas. II. Rhabdocoela. <em>Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie.</em> 83: 68-150. With 5 plates., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43242488 [details]
original description (of Hyporhynchus Graff, 1882) Graff, L., von. (1882). Monographie der Turbellarien 1. Rhabdocoelida. <em>[Book].</em> 1-442, Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig., available online at https://books.google.com/books/about/Monographie_der_Turbellarien.html?id=LT0hAQAAMAAJ
page(s): 336–337 [details]
original description (of Kylosphaera Jensen, 1878) Jensen, O. S. (1878). Turbellaria ad litora Norvegiae occidentalia. Turbellarier ved Norges Vestkyst. <em>J W Eided Bogtrykkeri, Bergen.</em> 97 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1582487
page(s): 44-45 [details]
original description (of Spiroclytus Schmidt, 1857) Schmidt, O. (1857). Zur Kenntnis der Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela und einiger anderer Würmer des Mittelmeeres. <em>Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe.</em> 23(2): 347-366, plates 1-5., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36386704
page(s): 356–358 [details]
original description (of Orcus Uljanin, 1870) Uljanin, W. (1870). Die Turbellarien der Bucht von Sebastopol. <em>Berichte des Vereins der Freunde der Naturwissenschaften zu Moskou.</em> 96pp + 7pl.
page(s): 19–20 [details]
basis of record Faubel, A.; Noreña, C. (2001). Turbellaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 123-136 (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]Taxonomy
taxonomy source
Willems, W. & Krell F.-T. (2007). Case 3405. Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, TRIGONOSTOMIDAE) and Trigonostomus Brenske, 1893 (Coleoptera, SCARABAEIDAE), proposed conservation of the generic names and proposed emendation of the current spelling of TRIGONOSTOMINA Ohaus, 1912 (Coleoptera, SCARABAEIDAE) to remove homonymy with TRIGONOSTOMIDAE Graff, 1905 (Platyhelminthes). <em>Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.</em> 64(4): 218–223. [details] Available for editors [request]
taxonomy source Willems, W.; Artois,T.; Vermin, W.; Schockaert, E. (2004). Revision of Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida, Trigonostomidae) with the description of seven new species. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 141(2): 271-296., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00124.x [details] Available for editors [request]
[request]taxonomy source Willems, W.; Artois,T.; Vermin, W.; Schockaert, E. (2004). Revision of Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida, Trigonostomidae) with the description of seven new species. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 141(2): 271-296., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00124.x [details] Available for editors
[request]Other
context source (PeRMS)
Velásquez-Rodriguez, K.; Reyes, J.; Van Steenkiste, N. ; Severino, R.; Brusa, F. (2023). First records of marine microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela, Fecampiida and Prolecithophora) from Peru, with the description of a new species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 5258(5): 501-523., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.5.1 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Vanstraelen, L.; Artois, T.; Backeljau, T.; Kmentova, N.; Geraerts, M.; Monnens, M. (2025). A Scanning Electron Microscopy Method to Visualise the Copulatory Organ Morphology of Microturbellarian Flatworms: Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 as a Case Study. <em>Journal of Morphology.</em> 286:e70040., available online at https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70040 [details] Available for editors [request]
[request]additional source Vanstraelen, L.; Artois, T.; Backeljau, T.; Kmentova, N.; Geraerts, M.; Monnens, M. (2025). A Scanning Electron Microscopy Method to Visualise the Copulatory Organ Morphology of Microturbellarian Flatworms: Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 as a Case Study. <em>Journal of Morphology.</em> 286:e70040., available online at https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70040 [details] Available for editors
[request]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Orcus) (from synonym Orcus Uljanin, 1870)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Trigonostomum)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Trigonostomum)
To Genbank
To Genbank
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Orcus Uljanin, 1870)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Woodsholia Graff, 1911)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Scillyvortex Faubel & Warwick, 2005)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Scillivortex)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Spiroclytus Schmidt, 1857)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Hyporcus Graff, 1905)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Hyporhynchus Graff, 1882)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Kylosphaera Jensen, 1878)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Trigonostomum)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Trigonostomum)
To Genbank
To Genbank
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Orcus Uljanin, 1870)To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Woodsholia Graff, 1911)To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Scillyvortex Faubel & Warwick, 2005)To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Scillivortex)To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Spiroclytus Schmidt, 1857)To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Hyporcus Graff, 1905)To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Hyporhynchus Graff, 1882)To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database
(from synonym Kylosphaera Jensen, 1878)From editor or global species database
Image from typetaxon
Image from typetaxon
Image from typetaxon
