Deep-Sea taxon details
Funiculina quadrangularis (Pallas, 1766)
128506 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:128506)
accepted
Species
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
(of ) Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. [List of zoophytes containing general outlines of genera and brief descriptions of known species, with selected synonyms of the authors.]. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> 451 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361
page(s): 372-373 [details]
page(s): 372-373 [details]
McFadden, C.S.; Cordeiro, R.; Samimi-Namin, K.; Williams, G.; van Ofwegen, L. (2025). World List of Octocorallia. Funiculina quadrangularis (Pallas, 1766). Accessed through: Glover, A.G.; Higgs, N.; Horton, T. (2025) World Register of Deep-Sea species (WoRDSS) at: https://marinespecies.org/deepsea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=128506 on 2026-07-02
Glover, A.G.; Higgs, N.; Horton, T. (2026). World Register of Deep-Sea species (WoRDSS). Funiculina quadrangularis (Pallas, 1766). Accessed at: https://marinespecies.org/Deepsea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=128506 on 2026-07-02
Date
action
by
original description
(of ) Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. [List of zoophytes containing general outlines of genera and brief descriptions of known species, with selected synonyms of the authors.]. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> 451 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361
page(s): 372-373 [details]
context source (Deepsea) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Williams, G.C.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia - Pennatulacea. <em>in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.</em> Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 105-106. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Williams, G.C. (1992). Biogeography of the octocorallian coelenterate fauna of southern Africa. <em>Biol. J. Linn. Soc.</em> 46: 351-401. [details] Available for editors
additional source Williams G.C. (1995). Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Pennatulacea): illustrated key and synopses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 113, pp. 93-140., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00929.x
page(s): 112, 113, 132 [details]
additional source Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.</em> 51(2): 19-103, 1 fig., 14 plates. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., and Bayer, F.M., 2009. Octocorallia (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 321–331 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). [Checklist of marine biota of China seas]. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> :59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors
additional source Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences.</em> 51(2): 19-103. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 38 [details]
additional source Williams, G. C. (1995). Revision of the pennatulacean genus Sarcoptilus (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with descriptions of three new species from southern Australia. <em>Records of the South Australian Museum.</em> 28(1), 13-32.
page(s): 14 [details]
additional source López-González, P. J.; Gili, J. M.; Williams, G. C. (2001). New records of Pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the African Atlantic coast, with description of a new species and a zoogeographic analysis. <em>Scientia Marina.</em> 65(1), 59-74., available online at https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2001.65n159
page(s): 71, 72 [details]
additional source Williams, G.C. (1990). The Pennatulacea of southern Africa (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). <em>Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum.</em> 99:31-119., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40684114
page(s): 38, 39, 71, 110 [details]
additional source Zibrowius, H.; Taviani, M. (2005). Remarkable sessile fauna associated with deep coral and other calcareous substrates in the Strait of Sicily, Mediterranean Sea. <i>in</i> Freiwald A, Roberts JM (eds), Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp 807-819. , available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27673-4_42
page(s): 811 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1952). New Western Atlantic records of octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with descriptions of three new species. <em>Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences.</em> 42(6): 183-189., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39697529
page(s): 189 [details] Available for editors
additional source Tixier-Durivault, A.; d'Hondt, M-J. (1974). Nouvelles recoltes d'Octocoralliaires a Madagascar. <em>Tethys.</em> 5(2-3): 251-266., available online at http://paleopolis.rediris.es/benthos/REF/som/T-pdf/1973_5-2-251.pdf
page(s): 259-260 [details]
additional source Thomson, J.A.; Henderson, W.D. (1906). An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine survey ship 'Investigator' in the Indian Ocean. I. The alcyonarians of the deep sea. <em>Trustees of the Indian Museum, University of Aberdeen.</em> 1-128, plates 1-7., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037643
page(s): 110-111 [details]
additional source Utinomi, H. (1961). Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, middle Japan. Part 2, Telestacea, Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea. <em>Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.</em> 9(1): 197-228., available online at https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/174656
page(s): 222 [details]
additional source Gray, J.E. (1860). II. Revision of the family Pennatulidae, with descriptions of some new species in the British Museum. <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 3.</em> 5(25-30): 20-25., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18658338
page(s): 20 [details]
additional source Kölliker, A. von. (1870). Anatomisch-systematische Beschreibung der Alcyonarien. Erste Abtheilung: Die Pennatuliden. <em>Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft.</em> 7: 487-602., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16209642
page(s): 596-602 [details]
additional source Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College.</em> 53: 1-317, plates 1-37., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4363633
page(s): 10, 254, 261, 262-263, 279, 289, 290 [details]
additional source Jungersen, H.F.E. (1904). Pennatulida. <em>The Danish Ingolf-Expedition.</em> 5(1): 1-95, plates 1-3., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16847516
page(s): 49-51 [details]
additional source Bayer, F.M. (1957). Additional records of Western Atlantic octocorals. <em>Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences.</em> 47(11): 379-390., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39753773
page(s): 390 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1954). Anthozoa: Alcyonaria. <em>Fisheries Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S.).</em> 89: 279-284.
page(s): 281, 283 [details] Available for editors
additional source Thomson, J. A. (1929). Alcyonaires des environs de Monaco et de localités diverses. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco), (534): 1-10
page(s): 9-10 [details]
additional source Imahara, Y. (2006). Preliminary report on the alcyonacean and pennatulacean octocorals collected by the natural history research of the Sagami Sea. Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo) [Kokuritsu Kagaku Hakubutsukan], 40, 91-101
page(s): 100 [details]
additional source Imahara, Y. (1996). Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals and Octocoral Research, 4-mei, 17-44
page(s): 35 [details]
additional source Kükenthal, W.; Broch, H. (1911). Pennatulacea. <em>Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition "Valdivia".</em> 13(1), 2: i-iv + 113-576, plates 13-29.
page(s): 243-250 [details]
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198573562.001.0001 [details] Available for editors
page(s): 372-373 [details]
context source (Deepsea) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Williams, G.C.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia - Pennatulacea. <em>in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.</em> Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 105-106. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Williams, G.C. (1992). Biogeography of the octocorallian coelenterate fauna of southern Africa. <em>Biol. J. Linn. Soc.</em> 46: 351-401. [details] Available for editors
additional source Williams G.C. (1995). Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Pennatulacea): illustrated key and synopses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 113, pp. 93-140., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00929.x
page(s): 112, 113, 132 [details]
additional source Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.</em> 51(2): 19-103, 1 fig., 14 plates. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., and Bayer, F.M., 2009. Octocorallia (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 321–331 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). [Checklist of marine biota of China seas]. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> :59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors
additional source Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences.</em> 51(2): 19-103. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 38 [details]
additional source Williams, G. C. (1995). Revision of the pennatulacean genus Sarcoptilus (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with descriptions of three new species from southern Australia. <em>Records of the South Australian Museum.</em> 28(1), 13-32.
page(s): 14 [details]
additional source López-González, P. J.; Gili, J. M.; Williams, G. C. (2001). New records of Pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the African Atlantic coast, with description of a new species and a zoogeographic analysis. <em>Scientia Marina.</em> 65(1), 59-74., available online at https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2001.65n159
page(s): 71, 72 [details]
additional source Williams, G.C. (1990). The Pennatulacea of southern Africa (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). <em>Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum.</em> 99:31-119., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40684114
page(s): 38, 39, 71, 110 [details]
additional source Zibrowius, H.; Taviani, M. (2005). Remarkable sessile fauna associated with deep coral and other calcareous substrates in the Strait of Sicily, Mediterranean Sea. <i>in</i> Freiwald A, Roberts JM (eds), Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp 807-819. , available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27673-4_42
page(s): 811 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1952). New Western Atlantic records of octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with descriptions of three new species. <em>Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences.</em> 42(6): 183-189., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39697529
page(s): 189 [details] Available for editors
additional source Tixier-Durivault, A.; d'Hondt, M-J. (1974). Nouvelles recoltes d'Octocoralliaires a Madagascar. <em>Tethys.</em> 5(2-3): 251-266., available online at http://paleopolis.rediris.es/benthos/REF/som/T-pdf/1973_5-2-251.pdf
page(s): 259-260 [details]
additional source Thomson, J.A.; Henderson, W.D. (1906). An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine survey ship 'Investigator' in the Indian Ocean. I. The alcyonarians of the deep sea. <em>Trustees of the Indian Museum, University of Aberdeen.</em> 1-128, plates 1-7., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037643
page(s): 110-111 [details]
additional source Utinomi, H. (1961). Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, middle Japan. Part 2, Telestacea, Gorgonacea and Pennatulacea. <em>Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.</em> 9(1): 197-228., available online at https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2433/174656
page(s): 222 [details]
additional source Gray, J.E. (1860). II. Revision of the family Pennatulidae, with descriptions of some new species in the British Museum. <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 3.</em> 5(25-30): 20-25., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18658338
page(s): 20 [details]
additional source Kölliker, A. von. (1870). Anatomisch-systematische Beschreibung der Alcyonarien. Erste Abtheilung: Die Pennatuliden. <em>Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft.</em> 7: 487-602., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16209642
page(s): 596-602 [details]
additional source Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College.</em> 53: 1-317, plates 1-37., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4363633
page(s): 10, 254, 261, 262-263, 279, 289, 290 [details]
additional source Jungersen, H.F.E. (1904). Pennatulida. <em>The Danish Ingolf-Expedition.</em> 5(1): 1-95, plates 1-3., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16847516
page(s): 49-51 [details]
additional source Bayer, F.M. (1957). Additional records of Western Atlantic octocorals. <em>Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences.</em> 47(11): 379-390., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39753773
page(s): 390 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1954). Anthozoa: Alcyonaria. <em>Fisheries Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S.).</em> 89: 279-284.
page(s): 281, 283 [details] Available for editors
additional source Thomson, J. A. (1929). Alcyonaires des environs de Monaco et de localités diverses. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco), (534): 1-10
page(s): 9-10 [details]
additional source Imahara, Y. (2006). Preliminary report on the alcyonacean and pennatulacean octocorals collected by the natural history research of the Sagami Sea. Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo) [Kokuritsu Kagaku Hakubutsukan], 40, 91-101
page(s): 100 [details]
additional source Imahara, Y. (1996). Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals and Octocoral Research, 4-mei, 17-44
page(s): 35 [details]
additional source Kükenthal, W.; Broch, H. (1911). Pennatulacea. <em>Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition "Valdivia".</em> 13(1), 2: i-iv + 113-576, plates 13-29.
page(s): 243-250 [details]
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198573562.001.0001 [details] Available for editors
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| English | tall sea-pentall seapentall sea pensea whip | [details] |
| French | pennatule à rachis carré | [details] |
| German | SeepeitscheRiesen-Seefeder | [details] |
| Japanese | ムチウミサボテン | [details] |
| Swedish | större piprensare | [details] |
BIOTIC
Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Barcode of Life (9 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (90 publications)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To Dyntaxa
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Funiculina quadrangularis)
To GenBank (17 nucleotides; 46 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Near Threatened)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (71 records)
To ITIS
Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Barcode of Life (9 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (90 publications)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To Dyntaxa
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Funiculina quadrangularis)
To GenBank (17 nucleotides; 46 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Near Threatened)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (71 records)
To ITIS
