Post-glacial establishment of locally adapted fish populations over a steep salinity gradient

Leder, E.H.; André, C.; Le Moan, A.; Töpel, M.; Blomberg, A.; Havenhand, J.N.; Lindström, K.; Volckaert, F.A.M.; Kvarnemo, C.; Johannesson, K.; Svensson, O.

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Post-glacial establishment of locally adapted fish populations over a steep salinity gradient

Leder, E.H.; André, C.; Le Moan, A.; Töpel, M.; Blomberg, A.; Havenhand, J.N.; Lindström, K.; Volckaert, F.A.M.; Kvarnemo, C.; Johannesson, K.; Svensson, O. (2021). Post-glacial establishment of locally adapted fish populations over a steep salinity gradient. J. Evolution. Biol. 34(1): 138-156. https://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/jeb.13668

In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB): Basel. ISSN 1010-061X; e-ISSN 1420-9101

Available in	Authors
VLIZ: Open access 361649 [ download pdf ]

Keyword

Marine/Coastal

Author keywords

genetic differentiation; local adaptation; population genomics; salinity gradient; sperm traits

Authors		Top
Leder, E.H. André, C. Le Moan, A. Töpel, M.	Blomberg, A. Havenhand, J.N. Lindström, K. Volckaert, F.A.M., more	Kvarnemo, C. Johannesson, K. Svensson, O.

Abstract

Studies of colonization of new habitats that appear from rapidly changing environments are interesting and highly relevant to our understanding of divergence and speciation. Here, we analyse phenotypic and genetic variation involved in the successful establishment of a marine fish (sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus) over a steep salinity drop from 35 PSU in the North Sea (NE Atlantic) to two PSU in the inner parts of the post-glacial Baltic Sea. We first show that populations are adapted to local salinity in a key reproductive trait, the proportion of motile sperm. Thereafter, we show that genome variation at 22,190 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shows strong differentiation among populations along the gradient. Sequences containing outlier SNPs and transcriptome sequences, mapped to a draft genome, reveal associations with genes with relevant functions for adaptation in this environment but without overall evidence of functional enrichment. The many contigs involved suggest polygenic differentiation. We trace the origin of this differentiation using demographic modelling and find the most likely scenario is that at least part of the genetic differentiation is older than the Baltic Sea and is a result of isolation of two lineages prior to the current contact over the North Sea–Baltic Sea transition zone.

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