WoRMS source details
Samaai, T. (2006). Biodiversity "hotspots", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach. Zootaxa. 1358: 1-37.
9898
Samaai, T.
2006
Biodiversity "hotspots", patterns of richness and endemism, and distribution of marine sponges in South Africa based on actual and interpolation data: A comparative approach
Zootaxa
1358: 1-37
Publication
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“Hotspots” of biodiversity at a meso-scale diversity were examined for marine sponge populations throughout the temperate, subtropical and tropical South Africa. Actual and interpolated (predicted) data sets are presented in a comparative manner to compare the diversity patterns of South African Demospongiae species and their distribution in contiguous 5°grid sections, to demonstrate current knowledge of the sponge fauna in various coastal regions. Richness and endemism varied
considerably between marine areas and grid sections, for species at all spatial scales. Richness and endemism were equally effective indicators of biodiversity “hotspots”, but differed in patterns
between the two datasets. Species richness appears to be fairly unevenly distributed along the coast, and marked peaks occur in the south of the country, the greatest being in the area surrounding Cape
Town (Sector 11); almost certainly the consequence of a disproportionately intense sampling effort at these locations. Levels of apparent endemism varied considerably between sectors, ranging from
zero (Sector 1) to 71 species (Sector 11), with an average of 57% apparent endemic species recorded for all 35 regions based on the actual data, vs. 20% apparent endemics for the predicted data. The Bray-Curtis analysis (without transformations) showed no clear pattern of faunal relationships between the 35 selected sectors for the actual dataset, but the predicted data set showed three distinct faunal groups, the West Coast fauna extending from Cape Point northwards, a
South Coast fauna, and an East Coast fauna.
South Africa
Biodiversity, Taxonomic and ecological diversity
Ancorina corticata Lévi, 1964 (additional source)
Ancorina progressa Lendenfeld, 1907 accepted as Stryphnus progressus (Lendenfeld, 1907) (additional source)
Ancorina radix Marenzeller, 1889 (additional source)
Aurora actinosa Lévi, 1964 accepted as Rhabdastrella actinosa (Lévi, 1964) (additional source)
Aurora primitiva Burton, 1926 accepted as Rhabdastrella primitiva (Burton, 1926) (additional source)
Chelotropaena tenuirhabda Lendenfeld, 1907 accepted as Poecillastra tenuirhabda (Lendenfeld, 1907) (additional source)
Chelotropella sphaerica Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Chondrilla australiensis Carter, 1873 (additional source)
Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847 (additional source)
Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870 (additional source)
Dercitus incertus (Kirkpatrick, 1903) accepted as Triptolemma incertum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (additional source)
Discodermia natalensis Kirkpatrick, 1903 (additional source)
Ecionemia baculifera (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (additional source)
Ecionemia nigra Sollas, 1888 (additional source)
Erylus amorphus Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Erylus gilchristi Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Erylus polyaster Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Gastrophanella mammilliformis Burton, 1929 (additional source)
Geodia basilea Lévi, 1964 (additional source)
Geodia dendyi Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Geodia gallica (Lendenfeld, 1907) (additional source)
Geodia globosa (Baer, 1906) (additional source)
Geodia libera Stephens, 1915 (additional source)
Geodia littoralis Stephens, 1915 (additional source)
Geodia megaster Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Geodia ovifractus Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Geodia perarmata Bowerbank, 1873 (additional source)
Geodia robusta Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Geodia stellata Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Lithobactrum forte Kirkpatrick, 1903 (additional source)
Macandrewia auris Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Oceanapia eumatum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) accepted as Oceanapia eumita (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (additional source)
Pachastrella caliculata Kirkpatrick, 1902 (additional source)
Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868 (additional source)
Pachymatisma areolata Bowerbank, 1872 (additional source)
Pachymatisma monaena Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Penares alata (Lendenfeld, 1907) accepted as Penares alatus (Lendenfeld, 1907) (additional source)
Penares sphaera (Lendenfeld, 1907) (additional source)
Petromica plumosa (Kirkpatrick, 1903) represented as Petromica (Petromica) plumosa Kirkpatrick, 1903 (additional source)
Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Poecillastra tuberosa (Lévi, 1964) (additional source)
Psammopemma inordinatum Kirkpatrick, 1903 accepted as Psammoclema inordinatum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (additional source)
Sidonops globosa Baer, 1906 accepted as Geodia globosa (Baer, 1906) (additional source)
Stelletta agulhana Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella Burton, 1926 accepted as Stelletta agulhana Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Stelletta capensis Lévi, 1967 (additional source)
Stelletta cyathioides Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Stelletta farcimen Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Stelletta grubii Schmidt, 1862 (additional source)
Stelletta grubioides Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Stelletta herdmani Dendy, 1905 (additional source)
Stelletta purpurea var. parvistella Ridley, 1884 accepted as Stelletta purpurea Ridley, 1884 (additional source)
Stelletta retroclada (Lévi, 1967) (additional source)
Stelletta rugosa Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Stelletta sphaerica Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Stelletta trisclera Lévi, 1967 (additional source)
Stoeba natalensis Burton, 1926 accepted as Dercitus natalensis (Burton, 1926) (additional source)
Stryphnus ponderosus (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Triptolemus incertus Kirkpatrick, 1903 accepted as Triptolemma incertum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (additional source)
Ancorina progressa Lendenfeld, 1907 accepted as Stryphnus progressus (Lendenfeld, 1907) (additional source)
Ancorina radix Marenzeller, 1889 (additional source)
Aurora actinosa Lévi, 1964 accepted as Rhabdastrella actinosa (Lévi, 1964) (additional source)
Aurora primitiva Burton, 1926 accepted as Rhabdastrella primitiva (Burton, 1926) (additional source)
Chelotropaena tenuirhabda Lendenfeld, 1907 accepted as Poecillastra tenuirhabda (Lendenfeld, 1907) (additional source)
Chelotropella sphaerica Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Chondrilla australiensis Carter, 1873 (additional source)
Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847 (additional source)
Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870 (additional source)
Dercitus incertus (Kirkpatrick, 1903) accepted as Triptolemma incertum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (additional source)
Discodermia natalensis Kirkpatrick, 1903 (additional source)
Ecionemia baculifera (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (additional source)
Ecionemia nigra Sollas, 1888 (additional source)
Erylus amorphus Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Erylus gilchristi Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Erylus polyaster Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Gastrophanella mammilliformis Burton, 1929 (additional source)
Geodia basilea Lévi, 1964 (additional source)
Geodia dendyi Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Geodia gallica (Lendenfeld, 1907) (additional source)
Geodia globosa (Baer, 1906) (additional source)
Geodia libera Stephens, 1915 (additional source)
Geodia littoralis Stephens, 1915 (additional source)
Geodia megaster Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Geodia ovifractus Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Geodia perarmata Bowerbank, 1873 (additional source)
Geodia robusta Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Geodia stellata Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Lithobactrum forte Kirkpatrick, 1903 (additional source)
Macandrewia auris Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Oceanapia eumatum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) accepted as Oceanapia eumita (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (additional source)
Pachastrella caliculata Kirkpatrick, 1902 (additional source)
Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868 (additional source)
Pachymatisma areolata Bowerbank, 1872 (additional source)
Pachymatisma monaena Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Penares alata (Lendenfeld, 1907) accepted as Penares alatus (Lendenfeld, 1907) (additional source)
Penares sphaera (Lendenfeld, 1907) (additional source)
Petromica plumosa (Kirkpatrick, 1903) represented as Petromica (Petromica) plumosa Kirkpatrick, 1903 (additional source)
Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Poecillastra tuberosa (Lévi, 1964) (additional source)
Psammopemma inordinatum Kirkpatrick, 1903 accepted as Psammoclema inordinatum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (additional source)
Sidonops globosa Baer, 1906 accepted as Geodia globosa (Baer, 1906) (additional source)
Stelletta agulhana Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella Burton, 1926 accepted as Stelletta agulhana Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Stelletta capensis Lévi, 1967 (additional source)
Stelletta cyathioides Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Stelletta farcimen Lendenfeld, 1907 (additional source)
Stelletta grubii Schmidt, 1862 (additional source)
Stelletta grubioides Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Stelletta herdmani Dendy, 1905 (additional source)
Stelletta purpurea var. parvistella Ridley, 1884 accepted as Stelletta purpurea Ridley, 1884 (additional source)
Stelletta retroclada (Lévi, 1967) (additional source)
Stelletta rugosa Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Stelletta sphaerica Burton, 1926 (additional source)
Stelletta trisclera Lévi, 1967 (additional source)
Stoeba natalensis Burton, 1926 accepted as Dercitus natalensis (Burton, 1926) (additional source)
Stryphnus ponderosus (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Triptolemus incertus Kirkpatrick, 1903 accepted as Triptolemma incertum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (additional source)
Agulhas Bank for Ancorina progressa Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876) (inaccurate)
Agulhas Bank for Chelotropaena tenuirhabda Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Erylus polyaster Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Geodia gallica (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Agulhas Bank for Geodia stellata Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Macandrewia auris Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Pachastrella caliculata Kirkpatrick, 1902
Agulhas Bank for Pachymatisma monaena Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Penares alata (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Agulhas Bank for Penares alata (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Agulhas Bank for Penares alata (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Agulhas Bank for Penares obtusus Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Stelletta agulhana Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Stelletta agulhana Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Stelletta farcimen Lendenfeld, 1907
False Bay (South Africa) for Pachymatisma areolata Bowerbank, 1872
False Bay (South Africa) for Stelletta trisclera Lévi, 1967
Hout Bay for Geodia libera Stephens, 1915
Hout Bay for Geodia perarmata Bowerbank, 1873
Knysna for Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella Burton, 1926
Mossel bay for Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella Burton, 1926
Mossel bay for Stelletta rugosa Burton, 1926
Namaqua for Halisarca dujardinii Johnston, 1842 (inaccurate)
Namaqua for Stelletta agulhana Lendenfeld, 1907
Namaqua for Stelletta trisclera Lévi, 1967
Namaqua for Stelletta trisclera Lévi, 1967
Natal for Aurora actinosa Lévi, 1964
Natal for Erylus amorphus Burton, 1926
Natal for Geodia littoralis Stephens, 1915
Port Nolloth for Penares sphaera (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Saldanha Bay for Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876) (inaccurate)
Saldanha Bay for Geodia libera Stephens, 1915
Saldanha Bay for Geodia perarmata Bowerbank, 1873
Saldanha Bay for Pachymatisma areolata Bowerbank, 1872
Still Bay for Chelotropella sphaerica Lendenfeld, 1907
Still Bay for Pachymatisma areolata Bowerbank, 1872
Still Bay for Penares sphaera (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Still Bay for Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella Burton, 1926
Still Bay for Stelletta grubii Schmidt, 1862
Still Bay for Stelletta rugosa Burton, 1926
Table Bay for Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876) (inaccurate)
Table Bay for Halisarca dujardinii Johnston, 1842 (inaccurate)
Table Bay for Pachymatisma areolata Bowerbank, 1872
Agulhas Bank for Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876) (inaccurate)
Agulhas Bank for Chelotropaena tenuirhabda Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Erylus polyaster Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Geodia gallica (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Agulhas Bank for Geodia stellata Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Macandrewia auris Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Pachastrella caliculata Kirkpatrick, 1902
Agulhas Bank for Pachymatisma monaena Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Penares alata (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Agulhas Bank for Penares alata (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Agulhas Bank for Penares alata (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Agulhas Bank for Penares obtusus Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Stelletta agulhana Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Stelletta agulhana Lendenfeld, 1907
Agulhas Bank for Stelletta farcimen Lendenfeld, 1907
False Bay (South Africa) for Pachymatisma areolata Bowerbank, 1872
False Bay (South Africa) for Stelletta trisclera Lévi, 1967
Hout Bay for Geodia libera Stephens, 1915
Hout Bay for Geodia perarmata Bowerbank, 1873
Knysna for Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella Burton, 1926
Mossel bay for Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella Burton, 1926
Mossel bay for Stelletta rugosa Burton, 1926
Namaqua for Halisarca dujardinii Johnston, 1842 (inaccurate)
Namaqua for Stelletta agulhana Lendenfeld, 1907
Namaqua for Stelletta trisclera Lévi, 1967
Namaqua for Stelletta trisclera Lévi, 1967
Natal for Aurora actinosa Lévi, 1964
Natal for Erylus amorphus Burton, 1926
Natal for Geodia littoralis Stephens, 1915
Port Nolloth for Penares sphaera (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Saldanha Bay for Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876) (inaccurate)
Saldanha Bay for Geodia libera Stephens, 1915
Saldanha Bay for Geodia perarmata Bowerbank, 1873
Saldanha Bay for Pachymatisma areolata Bowerbank, 1872
Still Bay for Chelotropella sphaerica Lendenfeld, 1907
Still Bay for Pachymatisma areolata Bowerbank, 1872
Still Bay for Penares sphaera (Lendenfeld, 1907)
Still Bay for Stelletta agulhana var. paucistella Burton, 1926
Still Bay for Stelletta grubii Schmidt, 1862
Still Bay for Stelletta rugosa Burton, 1926
Table Bay for Aplysilla rosea (Barrois, 1876) (inaccurate)
Table Bay for Halisarca dujardinii Johnston, 1842 (inaccurate)
Table Bay for Pachymatisma areolata Bowerbank, 1872
Taxonomy
Described as Psammopemma inordinatum. This species is a synomyn for Psammoclema inordinatum [details]