Deep-Sea taxon details
Paragorgia arborea (Linnaeus, 1758)
125418 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:125418)
accepted
Species
Paragorgia nodosa Koren & Danielssen, 1883 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
(of ) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors 
Distribution in Nova Scotia waters; almost continuous occurrence from Oceanographer Canyon, off George's Bank, Nova Scotia, the Grand...
Distribution semi-cosmopolitan
Distribution in Nova Scotia waters; almost continuous occurrence from Oceanographer Canyon, off George's Bank, Nova Scotia, the Grand Banks, Davis Strait, and southern Greenland [details]
Distribution semi-cosmopolitan
Distribution semi-cosmopolitan [details]
McFadden, C.S.; Cordeiro, R.; Samimi-Namin, K.; Williams, G.; van Ofwegen, L. (2025). World List of Octocorallia. Paragorgia arborea (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: Glover, A.G.; Higgs, N.; Horton, T. (2025) World Register of Deep-Sea species (WoRDSS) at: https://www.marinespecies.org/deepsea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=125418 on 2026-02-16
Glover, A.G.; Higgs, N.; Horton, T. (2026). World Register of Deep-Sea species (WoRDSS). Paragorgia arborea (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed at: https://marinespecies.org/deepsea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=125418 on 2026-02-16
original description
(of Paragorgia nodosa Koren & Danielssen, 1883) Koren, J.; Danielssen, D.C. (1883). Nye Alcyonider, Gorgonider og Pennatulider tilhorende Norges Fauna. <em>Bergens Museum Skrifter.</em> 2: 1-38, plates 1-13., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6976981
page(s): 7 [details]
original description (of ) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors
context source (Deepsea) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record van Ofwegen, L.; Grasshoff, M.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia (excl. Pennatulacea), <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 104-105 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Breeze, H., D.S. Davis, M. Butler, and V. Kostylev. 1997. Distribution and status of deep sea corals off Nova Scotia. Ecology Action Centre. Halifax. 58 p. [details]
additional source Watling, L.; Auster, P. (2005). Distribution of deep-water Alcyonacea off the Northeast Coast of the United States. In: Freiwald, A., R.J. Murray, editors. Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems. <em>Proceedings of the Second Deep-Sea Coral Symposium.</em> 279-296., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27673-4_13 [details]
additional source Verrill, A.E. (1864). Revision of the *Polypi* of the eastern coast of the United States. <em>Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History.</em> 1: 1-45., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43823403
page(s): 10 [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> :59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors
additional source Alderslade, P. (2001). Six new genera and six new species of soft coral, and some proposed familial and subfamilial changes within the Alcyonacea. <em>Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington.</em> 10:15-65.
page(s): 63 [details] Available for editors
additional source Sánchez, J. A. (2005). Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 1014(1): 1–72., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1014.1.1
page(s): 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15-20, 21, 31, 36, 51, 57, 67, 68, 69 [details]
additional source Bayer, F.M. (1961). The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. <em>Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands.</em> 12:1-373, pls. 1-23., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/506065
page(s): 13 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1993). Two new species of the gorgonacean genus Paragorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). <em>Precious Corals & Octocoral Research.</em> 2: 1-10.
page(s): 2 [details] Available for editors
additional source Utinomi, H.; Harada, E. (1973). Rediscovery of an enigmatic octocoral, Pseudogorgia godeffroyi Kolliker, from southern Australia and a discussion on its systematic position. <em>Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.</em> 20: 111-132., available online at https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/175785/1/fia020_111.pdf
page(s): 120, 128 [details]
additional source Hickson, S.J. (1915). Some Alcyonaria and a Stylaster from the west coast of North America. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1915: 541-557, plate 1., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31547564
page(s): 548-551 [details]
additional source Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College.</em> 53: 1-317, plates 1-37., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4363633
page(s): 6, 75, 81-82, Plate 5 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1940). A contribution to the knowledge of the structure and distribution of the cnidae in the Anthozoa. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar, 51, N.F., (3): 1-62
page(s): 6-8, 10 [details]
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1959). The alcyonarian and black corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia and Antipatharia) described and figured by G.E. Rumphius. H. C. D. de Wit (eds.). Uitgeverij en Drukkerij Hollandia N.V. Baarn, pp. 225-247
page(s): 235 [details] Available for editors
additional source Gass, S. E.; Willison, M. J. H. (2005). An assessment of the distribution of deep-sea corals in Atlantic Canada by using both scientific and local forms of knowledge. André Freiwald and J. Murray Roberts (eds.). Springer. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 223-245, available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27673-4_11
page(s): 223, 224, 228, 229, 230, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 241 [details]
additional source Fabricius, K.; Alderslade, P. (2001). Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the Shallow-water Genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville.</em> pp. 264.
page(s): 15 [details]
additional source Smith, P. J.; McVeagh, S. M.; Mingoia, J. T.; France, S. C. (2004). Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in deep-sea bamboo coral (Keratoisidinae) species in the southwest and northwest Pacific Ocean. Marine Biology, 144, 253-261, available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1206-5
page(s): 257 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1922). The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, 8, G, G3-G87, available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38351360
page(s): 17, 74, 76 [details]
additional source Imahara, Y. (1996). Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals and Octocoral Research, 4-mei, 17-44
page(s): 29 [details]
additional source Sherwood, O. A.; Jamieson, R. E.; Edinger, E. N.; Wareham, V. E. (2008). Stable C and N isotopic composition of cold-water corals from the Newfoundland and Labrador continental slope: Examination of trophic, depth and spatial effects. Deep-Sea Research, 55, 1392-1402, available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.05.013
page(s): 1392, 1394, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400 [details]
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1992). The helioporacean octocoral Epiphaxum, recent and fossil: a monographic iconography. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 15, 1-76
page(s): 67 [details] Available for editors
additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source Stiasny, G. (1937). Die Gorgonacea der Siboga-Expedition. Suppl. II. Revision der Scleraxonia mit ausschluss der Melitodidae und Coralliidae. <em>Siboga-Expeditie Monogr.</em> 13b8, pp. i-vi + 1-138, plates 1-8.
page(s): 74-78 [details]
new combination reference Milne Edwards H,. (1857). Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. 1. <em>Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris.</em> 326 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12045211
page(s): 190 [details]
ecology source Roberts, J.M., A. Wheeler, A. Freiwald & S.D. Cairns. (2009). Cold-water corals: The biology and geology of deep-sea coral habitats. <em>Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.</em> 324 pp., available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511581588 [details] Available for editors
page(s): 7 [details]
original description (of ) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors
context source (Deepsea) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record van Ofwegen, L.; Grasshoff, M.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia (excl. Pennatulacea), <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 104-105 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Breeze, H., D.S. Davis, M. Butler, and V. Kostylev. 1997. Distribution and status of deep sea corals off Nova Scotia. Ecology Action Centre. Halifax. 58 p. [details]
additional source Watling, L.; Auster, P. (2005). Distribution of deep-water Alcyonacea off the Northeast Coast of the United States. In: Freiwald, A., R.J. Murray, editors. Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems. <em>Proceedings of the Second Deep-Sea Coral Symposium.</em> 279-296., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27673-4_13 [details]
additional source Verrill, A.E. (1864). Revision of the *Polypi* of the eastern coast of the United States. <em>Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History.</em> 1: 1-45., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43823403
page(s): 10 [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> :59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors
additional source Alderslade, P. (2001). Six new genera and six new species of soft coral, and some proposed familial and subfamilial changes within the Alcyonacea. <em>Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington.</em> 10:15-65.
page(s): 63 [details] Available for editors
additional source Sánchez, J. A. (2005). Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 1014(1): 1–72., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1014.1.1
page(s): 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15-20, 21, 31, 36, 51, 57, 67, 68, 69 [details]
additional source Bayer, F.M. (1961). The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. <em>Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands.</em> 12:1-373, pls. 1-23., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/506065
page(s): 13 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1993). Two new species of the gorgonacean genus Paragorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). <em>Precious Corals & Octocoral Research.</em> 2: 1-10.
page(s): 2 [details] Available for editors
additional source Utinomi, H.; Harada, E. (1973). Rediscovery of an enigmatic octocoral, Pseudogorgia godeffroyi Kolliker, from southern Australia and a discussion on its systematic position. <em>Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.</em> 20: 111-132., available online at https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/175785/1/fia020_111.pdf
page(s): 120, 128 [details]
additional source Hickson, S.J. (1915). Some Alcyonaria and a Stylaster from the west coast of North America. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1915: 541-557, plate 1., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31547564
page(s): 548-551 [details]
additional source Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College.</em> 53: 1-317, plates 1-37., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4363633
page(s): 6, 75, 81-82, Plate 5 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1940). A contribution to the knowledge of the structure and distribution of the cnidae in the Anthozoa. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar, 51, N.F., (3): 1-62
page(s): 6-8, 10 [details]
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1959). The alcyonarian and black corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia and Antipatharia) described and figured by G.E. Rumphius. H. C. D. de Wit (eds.). Uitgeverij en Drukkerij Hollandia N.V. Baarn, pp. 225-247
page(s): 235 [details] Available for editors
additional source Gass, S. E.; Willison, M. J. H. (2005). An assessment of the distribution of deep-sea corals in Atlantic Canada by using both scientific and local forms of knowledge. André Freiwald and J. Murray Roberts (eds.). Springer. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 223-245, available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27673-4_11
page(s): 223, 224, 228, 229, 230, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 241 [details]
additional source Fabricius, K.; Alderslade, P. (2001). Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the Shallow-water Genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville.</em> pp. 264.
page(s): 15 [details]
additional source Smith, P. J.; McVeagh, S. M.; Mingoia, J. T.; France, S. C. (2004). Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in deep-sea bamboo coral (Keratoisidinae) species in the southwest and northwest Pacific Ocean. Marine Biology, 144, 253-261, available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1206-5
page(s): 257 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1922). The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, 8, G, G3-G87, available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38351360
page(s): 17, 74, 76 [details]
additional source Imahara, Y. (1996). Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas. Precious Corals and Octocoral Research, 4-mei, 17-44
page(s): 29 [details]
additional source Sherwood, O. A.; Jamieson, R. E.; Edinger, E. N.; Wareham, V. E. (2008). Stable C and N isotopic composition of cold-water corals from the Newfoundland and Labrador continental slope: Examination of trophic, depth and spatial effects. Deep-Sea Research, 55, 1392-1402, available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.05.013
page(s): 1392, 1394, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400 [details]
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1992). The helioporacean octocoral Epiphaxum, recent and fossil: a monographic iconography. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 15, 1-76
page(s): 67 [details] Available for editors
additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source Stiasny, G. (1937). Die Gorgonacea der Siboga-Expedition. Suppl. II. Revision der Scleraxonia mit ausschluss der Melitodidae und Coralliidae. <em>Siboga-Expeditie Monogr.</em> 13b8, pp. i-vi + 1-138, plates 1-8.
page(s): 74-78 [details]
new combination reference Milne Edwards H,. (1857). Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. 1. <em>Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris.</em> 326 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12045211
page(s): 190 [details]
ecology source Roberts, J.M., A. Wheeler, A. Freiwald & S.D. Cairns. (2009). Cold-water corals: The biology and geology of deep-sea coral habitats. <em>Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.</em> 324 pp., available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511581588 [details] Available for editors
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Nontype NIWA 3308, geounit High Seas [details]
Nontype NIWA 3309, geounit High Seas [details]
Nontype NIWA 3310, geounit New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype NIWA 3311, geounit New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype NIWA X700, geounit New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype NIWA Z10920, geounit New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype NIWA Z10956, geounit New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype NIWA Z9862, geounit New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype USNM 1014919, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype USNM 52433, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype USNM 98045, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Unreviewed
Distribution in Nova Scotia waters; almost continuous occurrence from Oceanographer Canyon, off George's Bank, Nova Scotia, the Grand Banks, Davis Strait, and southern Greenland [details]Distribution semi-cosmopolitan [details]
Habitat Known from seamounts and knolls [details]
Habitat bathyal [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| English | tree bubblegum coralKamchatka coralHorny coralbubblegum coralbubble gum coral | [details] |
| French | corail arborescent | [details] |
| German | Kaugummi-Koralle | [details] |
| Russian | Парагоргия древовидная | [details] |
To Barcode of Life (21 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (103 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Paragorgia arborea)
To GenBank (577 nucleotides; 481 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Near Threatened)
To NMNH Extant Collection (IZ 1002420 photo image)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (1 record) (from synonym Paragorgia nodosa Koren & Danielssen, 1883)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (155 records)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 004752.CN)
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (103 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Paragorgia arborea)
To GenBank (577 nucleotides; 481 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Near Threatened)
To NMNH Extant Collection (IZ 1002420 photo image)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (1 record) (from synonym Paragorgia nodosa Koren & Danielssen, 1883)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (155 records)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 004752.CN)
To ITIS
Unreviewed
Hosted externally
Hosted externally
