Scleractinia taxon details
Hydnophora exesa (Pallas, 1766)
207403 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:207403)
accepted
Species
Hydnophora aurorae Nemenzo, 1988 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora aurrorae Nemenzo, 1988 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym (misspelling)
Hydnophora contignatio (Forskål, 1775) · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora demidovii Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora ehrenbergi Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora ehrenbergii Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 · unaccepted > superseded combination (misspelling)
Hydnophora exesa var. lobata (Lamarck, 1816) · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora exesa var. maldivensis Gardiner, 1904 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora exesa var. pachysepta Chevalier, 1975 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora exesa var. tenella Quelch, 1886 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora eyessa (Pallas, 1766) · unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling
Hydnophora gyrosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora lobata (Lamarck, 1816) · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora maldivensis Gardiner, 1904 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora palassii Fischer von Waldheim, 1807 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora polygonata (Lamarck, 1816) · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora tenella Quelch, 1886 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophora tenella var. applanata Umbgrove, 1940 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophorella contignatio (Forskål, 1775) · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Hydnophorella exesa (Pallas, 1766) · unaccepted > superseded combination
Madrepora contignatio Forskål, 1775 · unaccepted > superseded combination
Madrepora exesa Pallas, 1766 · unaccepted > superseded combination (basionym)
Merulina folium (Lamarck, 1816) · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Monticularia exesa (Pallas, 1766) · unaccepted > superseded combination
Monticularia folium Lamarck, 1816 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Monticularia lobata Lamarck, 1816 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Monticularia meandrina Lamarck, 1816 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Monticularia polygonata Lamarck, 1816 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
- Variety Hydnophora exesa var. contignatio (Forskål, 1775)
- Variety Hydnophora exesa var. lobata (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Hydnophora exesa (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Variety Hydnophora exesa var. maldivensis Gardiner, 1904 accepted as Hydnophora exesa (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Variety Hydnophora exesa var. pachysepta Chevalier, 1975 accepted as Hydnophora exesa (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Variety Hydnophora exesa var. tenella Quelch, 1886 accepted as Hydnophora exesa (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
marine, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
(of Madrepora exesa Pallas, 1766) Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. <em>[book].</em> pp. 451, Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361 [details] 
Neotype (of Madrepora exesa Pallas, 1766) , (of
, Note "Indian Ocean" (Veron, 1986).
Family...
Family 'Faviidae' in Kalk (1958). [details]
Holotype (of Madrepora exesa Pallas, 1766) [details]
Neotype (of Hydnophora demidovii Fischer von Waldheim, 1807) UPMSI P1L02157, verbatimGeounit Talim Bay, Batangas,... [details]
Family...
Unreviewed
Type locality "Indian Ocean" (Veron, 1986).Family 'Faviidae' in Kalk (1958). [details]
Description The surface is covered with small monticules, small conical projections or pyramids. This species has large monticules, 3...
Description The surface is covered with small monticules, small conical projections or pyramids. This species has large monticules, 3 to 5 mm tall and either 4 - 5 mm in diameter, or elongated, reaching 10 to 20 mm long. The colony is irregular in shape and form, being part massive but often with a foliaceous skirt. Many colonies also support irregular, nearly ramose projections. The species is widespread, being found in sheltered and moderately exposed habitats in particular, but also occurring from 10 to 25 m deep on exposed reef slopes. It is the less abundant of the two Hydnophora species, and is never common. Its living tissue is fairly fleshy, with visible tentacles in daytime (Sheppard, 1998).
Colonies are submassive, encrusting or sub-arborescent with much of this variation occurring in the one colony. Hydnophores are 5-8 mm in diameter. Colour: cream or dull green. Abundance: common, especially in lagoons and on protected reef slopes (Veron, 1986).
Characterised by a surface decorated with attractive conical, upright cones (hydnophores) and short ridges, 4-20 mm long and 3-5 mm tall. Grows as an encrustation with a tangle of short lumpy branches. Colour: pale creamy brown with light green valleys. Habitat: sheltered reefs and lagoons (Richmond, 1997).
Tropical Indo-Pacific in Kalk (1958). [details]
Colonies are submassive, encrusting or sub-arborescent with much of this variation occurring in the one colony. Hydnophores are 5-8 mm in diameter. Colour: cream or dull green. Abundance: common, especially in lagoons and on protected reef slopes (Veron, 1986).
Characterised by a surface decorated with attractive conical, upright cones (hydnophores) and short ridges, 4-20 mm long and 3-5 mm tall. Grows as an encrustation with a tangle of short lumpy branches. Colour: pale creamy brown with light green valleys. Habitat: sheltered reefs and lagoons (Richmond, 1997).
Tropical Indo-Pacific in Kalk (1958). [details]
Hoeksema, B. W.; Cairns, S. (2024). World List of Scleractinia. Hydnophora exesa (Pallas, 1766). Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/scleractinia/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207403 on 2024-11-19
Date
action
by
2000-09-13 07:19:12Z
changed
Garcia, Maria
original description
(of Hydnophora gyrosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) Milne Edwards H, Haime J. (1849). Mémoire sur les Polypes appartenant à la famille des Oculinides, au groupe intermédiaire des Pseudastréides et à la famille des Fongides. <em>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences, Paris.</em> 29: 67-73., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1225794 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora tenella Quelch, 1886) Quelch JJ. (1886). Report on the Reef-corals collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873-76. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Zoology.</em> 16 (46): 1-203, pl. 1-12., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-46/README.htm [details]
original description (of Hydnophora demidovii Fischer von Waldheim, 1807) Fischer von Waldheim, G. (1807). <i>Museum Demidoff, ou, Catalogue systématique et raisonné des curiosités de la nature et de l'art: données à l'Université Impériale de Moscou par son excellence Monsieur Paul de Demidoff. Tome III. Végétaux et Animaux</i>. Moscow: Imprimerie de Université Impériale de Moscou. 300 pp, 6 pls. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58562487 [details]
original description (of Monticularia folium Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. <em>Paris. Verdière.</em> Vol. 2 pp. 1-568., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]
original description (of Madrepora exesa Pallas, 1766) Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. <em>[book].</em> pp. 451, Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora palassii Fischer von Waldheim, 1807) Fischer von Waldheim, G. (1807). <i>Museum Demidoff, ou, Catalogue systématique et raisonné des curiosités de la nature et de l'art: données à l'Université Impériale de Moscou par son excellence Monsieur Paul de Demidoff. Tome III. Végétaux et Animaux</i>. Moscow: Imprimerie de Université Impériale de Moscou. 300 pp, 6 pls. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58562487 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora ehrenbergi Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) Milne Edwards H, Haime J. (1849). Mémoire sur les Polypes appartenant à la famille des Oculinides, au groupe intermédiaire des Pseudastréides et à la famille des Fongides. <em>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences, Paris.</em> 29: 67-73., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1225794 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora maldivensis Gardiner, 1904) Gardiner JS. (1904). Madreporaria Parts I. and II: I. Introduction with notes on variation, II. Astraeidae. <em>Fauna and geography of the Maldives and Laccadives Archipelagoes, Cambridge.</em> 2: 736-790, pls. 59-64. [details]
original description (of Hydnophora tenella var. applanata Umbgrove, 1940) Umbgrove JHF. (1940). Madreporaria from the Togian Reefs (Gulf of Tomini, North-Celebes. <em>Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden.</em> 22: 265-310. [details]
original description (of Hydnophora aurorae Nemenzo, 1988) Nemenzo F. (1988). Philippine stony corals: VI. Five species, New or unreported from the country. <em>Philippine Journal of Science 117: 405-412.</em> [details]
original description (of Madrepora contignatio Forskål, 1775) Forskål P. (1775). Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris editit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est materia Medica Kahirina. Mölleri, Hafniae, 19 + xxxiv + 164 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2088059 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora aurrorae Nemenzo, 1988) Nemenzo F. (1988). Philippine stony corals: VI. Five species, New or unreported from the country. <em>Philippine Journal of Science 117: 405-412.</em> [details]
original description (of Monticularia polygonata Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. <em>Paris. Verdière.</em> Vol. 2 pp. 1-568., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]
original description (of Monticularia lobata Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. <em>Paris. Verdière.</em> Vol. 2 pp. 1-568., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora exesa var. pachysepta Chevalier, 1975) Chevalier JP. (1975). Les Scléractiniaires de la Mélanésie Française (Nouvelle-Caledonie, Iles Chesterfield, Iles Loyauté, Nouvelles Hébrides). II. Expedition Française sur les Récifs Coralliens Nouv.-Calédonie. 7: 1-407, pls. 1-42. Paris. [details]
context source (HKRMS) AFCD. (2004). Ecological Status and Revised Species Records of Hong Kong's Scleractinian Corals. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department,The Hong Kong SAR Government. [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Veron JEN. (1986). Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. <em>Angus & Robertson Publishers.</em> [details]
additional source Sheppard CRC. (1987). Coral species of the Indian Ocean and adjacent seas: a synonymised compilation and some regional distribution patterns. <em>Atoll Research Bulletin.</em> 307: 1-32., available online at http:// https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.307.1 [details]
additional source Veron JEN, Pichon M, Wijsman-Best M. (1977). Scleractinia of Eastern Australia – Part II. Families Faviidae, Trachyphylliidae. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph series.</em> 3: 1-233. [details]
additional source Hoffmeister, J.E. (1925). Some corals from America Samoa and the Fiji Islands. <em>Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.</em> 22: 1-90, pls. 1-23.
page(s): 30 [details]
additional source Vaughan TW. (1918). Some shallow-water corals from Murray Island (Australia), Cocos-Keeling Island, and Fanning Island. <em>Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.</em> 9 (213): 49-234, pls. 20-93. [details]
additional source Quelch JJ. (1886). Report on the Reef-corals collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873-76. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Zoology.</em> 16 (46): 1-203, pl. 1-12., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-46/README.htm
page(s): 96, 197 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1864). List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.</em> 1: 29-60., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6587563
page(s): 48 [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., B.W. Hoeksema & J. van der Land. (1999). Appendix: List of extant stony corals. <em>Atoll Research Bulletin.</em> 459: 13-46.
page(s): 34 [details]
additional source Randall RH. (2003). An annotated checklist of hydrozoan and scleractinian corals collected from Guam and other Mariana Islands. <em>Micronesica.</em> 35-36: 121-137.
page(s): 134 [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., B.W. Hoeksema & J. van der Land. (2007). as a contribution to UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Veron JEN. (2000). Corals of the World. Vol. 1–3. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRR, Queensland, Australia.</em> [details]
additional source Wells JW. (1955). Recent and subfossil corals of Moreton Bay, Queensland. <em>Queensland. University of Queensland Papers, Department of Geology.</em> 4 (10): 1-18, pls. 1-3.
page(s): 5, 14 [details]
additional source Scheer G, Pillai CSG. (1974). Report on Scleractinia from the Nicobar Islands. <em>Zoologica, Stuttgart.</em> 42(122): 1-75.
page(s): 9, 52, 75 [details]
additional source Umbgrove JHF. (1939). Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. <em>Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden.</em> 22: 1-64.
page(s): 8, 9, 15, 17, 34, 35 [details]
additional source Yabe H, Sugiyama T, Eguchi M. (1936). Recent reef-building corals from Japan and the South Sea Islands under the Japanese mandate. I. <em>The Science reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Sendai, 2nd Series (Geologie).</em> Special Volume 1: 1-66, pls. 1-59.
page(s): 3, 39-40, Pl. XXV, Pl. XXIX, Pl. XXX [details]
additional source Matthai G. (1928). A Monograph of the Recent meandroid Astraeidae. <em>Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History).</em> 7: 1-288, pls. 1-72. [details] Available for editors
additional source Yabe H, Sugiyama T. (1935). Revised list of the reef-corals from the Japanese seas and of the fossil reef corals of the raised reefs and the Ryukyu limestone of Japan. <em>Journal of the Geological Society of Japan.</em> 42: 379-403.
page(s): 381, 389, 394 [details]
additional source Best MB, Suharsono. (1991). New observations on scleractinian corals from Indonesia: 3. Species belonging to the Merulinidae with new records of Merulina and Boninastrea. <em>Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden.</em> 65: 333-342. [details]
additional source Pillai CSG, Scheer G (1976) Report on the stony corals from the Maldive Archipelago. Results of the Xarifa Expedition 1957/58. Zoologica, Stuttgart 43 (126): 1-83, pls. 1-32. [details]
additional source Studer, T. (1880). Beitrag zur Fauna der Steinkorallen von Singapore. <em>Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern.</em> 979: 15-53., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12090774
page(s): 37 [details]
additional source Chevalier JP. (1975). Les Scléractiniaires de la Mélanésie Française (Nouvelle-Caledonie, Iles Chesterfield, Iles Loyauté, Nouvelles Hébrides). II. Expedition Française sur les Récifs Coralliens Nouv.-Calédonie. 7: 1-407, pls. 1-42. Paris. [details]
additional source Wijsman-Best M (1976) Biological results of the Snellius expedition: XXVII. Faviidae collected by the Snellius Expedition. II. The genera Favites, Goniastrea, Platygyra, Oulophyllia, Leptoria, Hydnophora and Caulastrea. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 50: 45-63. [details]
additional source Gardiner JS (1899) On the astraeid corals collected by the author in the South Pacific. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1899: 734-764. [details]
additional source Wijsman-Best M (1972) Systematics and ecology of New Caledonian Faviinae (Coelenterata–Scleractinia). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 42: 3-90. [details]
additional source Nemenzo F (1959) Systematic studies on Philippine shallow water scleractinians: II. Suborder Faviida. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 16: 73-135, pls. 1-24.
page(s): 75, 103 [details]
additional source Pichon, M.; Benzoni, F. (2007). Taxonomic re-appraisal of zooxanthellate Scleractinian Corals in the Maldive Archipelago. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 1441: 21–33.
page(s): 32 [details]
additional source Huang D, Benzoni F, Fukami H, Knowlton N, Smith ND, Budd AF (2014) Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 277–355. [details]
additional source Matthai G (1924) Report on the madreporarian corals in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 8: 1-59. [details]
additional source Faustino LA. (1927). Recent Madreporaria of the Philippine Islands. <em>Bureau of Science Manila Monograph.</em> 22: 1-310, pls. 1-100.
page(s): 13, 37, 40, 149-150 [details]
additional source Veron JEN, Marsh LM. (1988). Hermatypic corals of Western Australia : records and annotated species list. <em>Records Western Australian Museum Supplement.</em> 29: 1-136., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60555
page(s): 30, 95 [details]
additional source Pillai CSG. (1972). Stony corals of the seas around India. <em>Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Corals and Coral Reefs, 1969. Marine Biological Association of India Symposium.</em> 5: 191-216.
page(s): 207 [details]
additional source Utinomi, H. (1965). A revised catalogue of scleractinian corals from the southwest coast of Shikoku in the collections of the Ehime University and the Ehime Prefectural Museum, Matsuyama. <em>Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.</em> 13(3): 243-261., available online at https://doi.org/10.5134/175404
page(s): 252 [details]
additional source Boshoff, P.H. (1981). An annotated checklist of Southern Africa Scleractinia. <em>Oceanographic Research Institute Investigational Report, Durban.</em> 49: 1-45.
page(s): 31 [details]
additional source Randall RH, Myers RF. (1983). The corals. Guide to the Coastal Resources of Guam: Vol. 2. <em>University of Guam Press, Guam, pp. 128.</em> [details]
additional source Khalil HM, Fathy MS, Al Sawy SM. (2021). Quaternary corals (Scleractinia: Merulinidae) from the Egyptian and Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast. <em>Geological Journal.</em> , available online at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gj.4145?af=R [details]
additional source Veron, J. E. N. (2000). Corals of the World, Volume II: Families Astrocoeniidae, Pocilloporidae, Euphyllidae, Oculinidae, Meandrinidae, Siderastreidae, Agariciidae, Fungiidae, Rhizangiidae, Pectiniidae, Merulinidae, Dendrophylliidae, Caryophylliidae. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville., volume 2, pp. 429.
page(s): 370-371 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Molina, M.; Kenyon, J. (2004). Palmyra Atoll coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000-2002, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2000-2001, and Sette 2004 surveys [Table 8]. UNPUBLISHED, UNPUBLISHED [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Schmerfeld, J. (2004). Coral survey from Howland Island National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2004 [Table 3]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Kenyon, J. (2004). Rose Atoll coral data compiled from US Fish and Wildlife Service 1994, Townsend Cromwell 2002, and Sette 2004 surveys [Table 10]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1849). Recherches sur les polypiers, quatrième mémoire. Monographie des astréides (1). Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 11, 3, 265-298
page(s): 300-301 [details]
additional source Wells JW. (1954). Recent corals of the Marshall Islands: Bikini and nearby atolls, part 2, oceanography (biologic). <em>U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper.</em> 260(I): 385-486.
page(s): 394 [details]
additional source Pillai CSG. (1983). Structure and generic diversity of recent Scleractinia of India. <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India.</em> 25, 1-2, 78-90.
page(s): 87 [details]
additional source Sheppard, C. R. C. (1985). Fringing reefs in the southern region, Jeddah to Jizan. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 7, 37-58
page(s): 45 [details]
additional source Jeyabaskaran, R. (2009). New records of corals from Lakshadweep islands. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 109, 1, 53-64
page(s): 55, 59, Plate 4 Fig 14 [details]
additional source Kühlmann, D. H. H. (2006). Die Steinkorallensammlung im Naturhistorischen Museum in Rudolstadt (Thüringen) nebst ökologischen Bemerkungen. Rudolstädter Naturhistorische Schriften, 13, 37-113
page(s): 63, 97, 111 [details]
additional source Wallace, C. C.; Fellegara, I.; Muir, P. R.; Harrison, P. L. (2009). The scleractinian corals of Moreton Bay, eastern Australia: high latitude, marginal assemblages with increasing species richness. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 54, 2
page(s): 3, 10, 14, 23, 83, 86 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora tenella Quelch, 1886) Quelch JJ. (1886). Report on the Reef-corals collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873-76. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Zoology.</em> 16 (46): 1-203, pl. 1-12., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-46/README.htm [details]
original description (of Hydnophora demidovii Fischer von Waldheim, 1807) Fischer von Waldheim, G. (1807). <i>Museum Demidoff, ou, Catalogue systématique et raisonné des curiosités de la nature et de l'art: données à l'Université Impériale de Moscou par son excellence Monsieur Paul de Demidoff. Tome III. Végétaux et Animaux</i>. Moscow: Imprimerie de Université Impériale de Moscou. 300 pp, 6 pls. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58562487 [details]
original description (of Monticularia folium Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. <em>Paris. Verdière.</em> Vol. 2 pp. 1-568., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]
original description (of Madrepora exesa Pallas, 1766) Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. <em>[book].</em> pp. 451, Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora palassii Fischer von Waldheim, 1807) Fischer von Waldheim, G. (1807). <i>Museum Demidoff, ou, Catalogue systématique et raisonné des curiosités de la nature et de l'art: données à l'Université Impériale de Moscou par son excellence Monsieur Paul de Demidoff. Tome III. Végétaux et Animaux</i>. Moscow: Imprimerie de Université Impériale de Moscou. 300 pp, 6 pls. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58562487 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora ehrenbergi Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) Milne Edwards H, Haime J. (1849). Mémoire sur les Polypes appartenant à la famille des Oculinides, au groupe intermédiaire des Pseudastréides et à la famille des Fongides. <em>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences, Paris.</em> 29: 67-73., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1225794 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora maldivensis Gardiner, 1904) Gardiner JS. (1904). Madreporaria Parts I. and II: I. Introduction with notes on variation, II. Astraeidae. <em>Fauna and geography of the Maldives and Laccadives Archipelagoes, Cambridge.</em> 2: 736-790, pls. 59-64. [details]
original description (of Hydnophora tenella var. applanata Umbgrove, 1940) Umbgrove JHF. (1940). Madreporaria from the Togian Reefs (Gulf of Tomini, North-Celebes. <em>Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden.</em> 22: 265-310. [details]
original description (of Hydnophora aurorae Nemenzo, 1988) Nemenzo F. (1988). Philippine stony corals: VI. Five species, New or unreported from the country. <em>Philippine Journal of Science 117: 405-412.</em> [details]
original description (of Madrepora contignatio Forskål, 1775) Forskål P. (1775). Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris editit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est materia Medica Kahirina. Mölleri, Hafniae, 19 + xxxiv + 164 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2088059 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora aurrorae Nemenzo, 1988) Nemenzo F. (1988). Philippine stony corals: VI. Five species, New or unreported from the country. <em>Philippine Journal of Science 117: 405-412.</em> [details]
original description (of Monticularia polygonata Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. <em>Paris. Verdière.</em> Vol. 2 pp. 1-568., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]
original description (of Monticularia lobata Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. <em>Paris. Verdière.</em> Vol. 2 pp. 1-568., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]
original description (of Hydnophora exesa var. pachysepta Chevalier, 1975) Chevalier JP. (1975). Les Scléractiniaires de la Mélanésie Française (Nouvelle-Caledonie, Iles Chesterfield, Iles Loyauté, Nouvelles Hébrides). II. Expedition Française sur les Récifs Coralliens Nouv.-Calédonie. 7: 1-407, pls. 1-42. Paris. [details]
context source (HKRMS) AFCD. (2004). Ecological Status and Revised Species Records of Hong Kong's Scleractinian Corals. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department,The Hong Kong SAR Government. [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Veron JEN. (1986). Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. <em>Angus & Robertson Publishers.</em> [details]
additional source Sheppard CRC. (1987). Coral species of the Indian Ocean and adjacent seas: a synonymised compilation and some regional distribution patterns. <em>Atoll Research Bulletin.</em> 307: 1-32., available online at http:// https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.307.1 [details]
additional source Veron JEN, Pichon M, Wijsman-Best M. (1977). Scleractinia of Eastern Australia – Part II. Families Faviidae, Trachyphylliidae. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph series.</em> 3: 1-233. [details]
additional source Hoffmeister, J.E. (1925). Some corals from America Samoa and the Fiji Islands. <em>Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.</em> 22: 1-90, pls. 1-23.
page(s): 30 [details]
additional source Vaughan TW. (1918). Some shallow-water corals from Murray Island (Australia), Cocos-Keeling Island, and Fanning Island. <em>Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.</em> 9 (213): 49-234, pls. 20-93. [details]
additional source Quelch JJ. (1886). Report on the Reef-corals collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873-76. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Zoology.</em> 16 (46): 1-203, pl. 1-12., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-46/README.htm
page(s): 96, 197 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1864). List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.</em> 1: 29-60., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6587563
page(s): 48 [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., B.W. Hoeksema & J. van der Land. (1999). Appendix: List of extant stony corals. <em>Atoll Research Bulletin.</em> 459: 13-46.
page(s): 34 [details]
additional source Randall RH. (2003). An annotated checklist of hydrozoan and scleractinian corals collected from Guam and other Mariana Islands. <em>Micronesica.</em> 35-36: 121-137.
page(s): 134 [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., B.W. Hoeksema & J. van der Land. (2007). as a contribution to UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Veron JEN. (2000). Corals of the World. Vol. 1–3. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRR, Queensland, Australia.</em> [details]
additional source Wells JW. (1955). Recent and subfossil corals of Moreton Bay, Queensland. <em>Queensland. University of Queensland Papers, Department of Geology.</em> 4 (10): 1-18, pls. 1-3.
page(s): 5, 14 [details]
additional source Scheer G, Pillai CSG. (1974). Report on Scleractinia from the Nicobar Islands. <em>Zoologica, Stuttgart.</em> 42(122): 1-75.
page(s): 9, 52, 75 [details]
additional source Umbgrove JHF. (1939). Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. <em>Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden.</em> 22: 1-64.
page(s): 8, 9, 15, 17, 34, 35 [details]
additional source Yabe H, Sugiyama T, Eguchi M. (1936). Recent reef-building corals from Japan and the South Sea Islands under the Japanese mandate. I. <em>The Science reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Sendai, 2nd Series (Geologie).</em> Special Volume 1: 1-66, pls. 1-59.
page(s): 3, 39-40, Pl. XXV, Pl. XXIX, Pl. XXX [details]
additional source Matthai G. (1928). A Monograph of the Recent meandroid Astraeidae. <em>Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History).</em> 7: 1-288, pls. 1-72. [details] Available for editors
additional source Yabe H, Sugiyama T. (1935). Revised list of the reef-corals from the Japanese seas and of the fossil reef corals of the raised reefs and the Ryukyu limestone of Japan. <em>Journal of the Geological Society of Japan.</em> 42: 379-403.
page(s): 381, 389, 394 [details]
additional source Best MB, Suharsono. (1991). New observations on scleractinian corals from Indonesia: 3. Species belonging to the Merulinidae with new records of Merulina and Boninastrea. <em>Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden.</em> 65: 333-342. [details]
additional source Pillai CSG, Scheer G (1976) Report on the stony corals from the Maldive Archipelago. Results of the Xarifa Expedition 1957/58. Zoologica, Stuttgart 43 (126): 1-83, pls. 1-32. [details]
additional source Studer, T. (1880). Beitrag zur Fauna der Steinkorallen von Singapore. <em>Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern.</em> 979: 15-53., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12090774
page(s): 37 [details]
additional source Chevalier JP. (1975). Les Scléractiniaires de la Mélanésie Française (Nouvelle-Caledonie, Iles Chesterfield, Iles Loyauté, Nouvelles Hébrides). II. Expedition Française sur les Récifs Coralliens Nouv.-Calédonie. 7: 1-407, pls. 1-42. Paris. [details]
additional source Wijsman-Best M (1976) Biological results of the Snellius expedition: XXVII. Faviidae collected by the Snellius Expedition. II. The genera Favites, Goniastrea, Platygyra, Oulophyllia, Leptoria, Hydnophora and Caulastrea. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 50: 45-63. [details]
additional source Gardiner JS (1899) On the astraeid corals collected by the author in the South Pacific. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1899: 734-764. [details]
additional source Wijsman-Best M (1972) Systematics and ecology of New Caledonian Faviinae (Coelenterata–Scleractinia). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 42: 3-90. [details]
additional source Nemenzo F (1959) Systematic studies on Philippine shallow water scleractinians: II. Suborder Faviida. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 16: 73-135, pls. 1-24.
page(s): 75, 103 [details]
additional source Pichon, M.; Benzoni, F. (2007). Taxonomic re-appraisal of zooxanthellate Scleractinian Corals in the Maldive Archipelago. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 1441: 21–33.
page(s): 32 [details]
additional source Huang D, Benzoni F, Fukami H, Knowlton N, Smith ND, Budd AF (2014) Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 277–355. [details]
additional source Matthai G (1924) Report on the madreporarian corals in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 8: 1-59. [details]
additional source Faustino LA. (1927). Recent Madreporaria of the Philippine Islands. <em>Bureau of Science Manila Monograph.</em> 22: 1-310, pls. 1-100.
page(s): 13, 37, 40, 149-150 [details]
additional source Veron JEN, Marsh LM. (1988). Hermatypic corals of Western Australia : records and annotated species list. <em>Records Western Australian Museum Supplement.</em> 29: 1-136., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60555
page(s): 30, 95 [details]
additional source Pillai CSG. (1972). Stony corals of the seas around India. <em>Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Corals and Coral Reefs, 1969. Marine Biological Association of India Symposium.</em> 5: 191-216.
page(s): 207 [details]
additional source Utinomi, H. (1965). A revised catalogue of scleractinian corals from the southwest coast of Shikoku in the collections of the Ehime University and the Ehime Prefectural Museum, Matsuyama. <em>Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.</em> 13(3): 243-261., available online at https://doi.org/10.5134/175404
page(s): 252 [details]
additional source Boshoff, P.H. (1981). An annotated checklist of Southern Africa Scleractinia. <em>Oceanographic Research Institute Investigational Report, Durban.</em> 49: 1-45.
page(s): 31 [details]
additional source Randall RH, Myers RF. (1983). The corals. Guide to the Coastal Resources of Guam: Vol. 2. <em>University of Guam Press, Guam, pp. 128.</em> [details]
additional source Khalil HM, Fathy MS, Al Sawy SM. (2021). Quaternary corals (Scleractinia: Merulinidae) from the Egyptian and Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast. <em>Geological Journal.</em> , available online at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gj.4145?af=R [details]
additional source Veron, J. E. N. (2000). Corals of the World, Volume II: Families Astrocoeniidae, Pocilloporidae, Euphyllidae, Oculinidae, Meandrinidae, Siderastreidae, Agariciidae, Fungiidae, Rhizangiidae, Pectiniidae, Merulinidae, Dendrophylliidae, Caryophylliidae. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville., volume 2, pp. 429.
page(s): 370-371 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Molina, M.; Kenyon, J. (2004). Palmyra Atoll coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000-2002, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2000-2001, and Sette 2004 surveys [Table 8]. UNPUBLISHED, UNPUBLISHED [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Schmerfeld, J. (2004). Coral survey from Howland Island National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2004 [Table 3]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Kenyon, J. (2004). Rose Atoll coral data compiled from US Fish and Wildlife Service 1994, Townsend Cromwell 2002, and Sette 2004 surveys [Table 10]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1849). Recherches sur les polypiers, quatrième mémoire. Monographie des astréides (1). Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 11, 3, 265-298
page(s): 300-301 [details]
additional source Wells JW. (1954). Recent corals of the Marshall Islands: Bikini and nearby atolls, part 2, oceanography (biologic). <em>U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper.</em> 260(I): 385-486.
page(s): 394 [details]
additional source Pillai CSG. (1983). Structure and generic diversity of recent Scleractinia of India. <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India.</em> 25, 1-2, 78-90.
page(s): 87 [details]
additional source Sheppard, C. R. C. (1985). Fringing reefs in the southern region, Jeddah to Jizan. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 7, 37-58
page(s): 45 [details]
additional source Jeyabaskaran, R. (2009). New records of corals from Lakshadweep islands. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 109, 1, 53-64
page(s): 55, 59, Plate 4 Fig 14 [details]
additional source Kühlmann, D. H. H. (2006). Die Steinkorallensammlung im Naturhistorischen Museum in Rudolstadt (Thüringen) nebst ökologischen Bemerkungen. Rudolstädter Naturhistorische Schriften, 13, 37-113
page(s): 63, 97, 111 [details]
additional source Wallace, C. C.; Fellegara, I.; Muir, P. R.; Harrison, P. L. (2009). The scleractinian corals of Moreton Bay, eastern Australia: high latitude, marginal assemblages with increasing species richness. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 54, 2
page(s): 3, 10, 14, 23, 83, 86 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Holotype (of Madrepora exesa Pallas, 1766) [details]
Neotype (of Hydnophora demidovii Fischer von Waldheim, 1807) UPMSI P1L02157, verbatimGeounit Talim Bay, Batangas,... [details]
Nontype HLD X2: 136-35, geounit Indian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 39109, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40386, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40387, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40403, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40405, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40406, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40407, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40409, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40425, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40483, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40484, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40485, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40488-40492, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40493, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40499, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40502, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40503, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40504, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40516, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40524, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40529, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40530, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40558, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40565, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40566, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40572, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40576, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40599, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40763, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40877, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 40882, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 41142, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 44911, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 44978, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 44979, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 45134, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 45135, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 45142, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 48264, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 48265, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 48266, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 51048, geounit Micronesian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 51074, geounit Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype IGPS 57429, geounit Palau Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype NMSR 8618, geounit Yemeni Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype NMSR 8619, geounit Yemeni Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype NMSR 8926, geounit Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype NMSR 9001, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 161-74, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 191-74, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 200-74, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 205-74, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 211-74, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 227-77, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 250-73, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 253-84, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 254-84, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 257-84, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 285-84, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 377-77, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 378-77, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 379-77, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 397-78, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 398-78, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 399-78, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 400-78, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 401-78, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 402-78, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 415-77, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 416-77, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 490-79, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 494-81, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 504-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 505-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 506-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 507-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 518-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 558-78, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 60-81, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 618-81, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 739-86, geounit Ashmore-Cartier Is. [details]
Nontype WAM 91-74, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 938-81, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 9-72, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Unknown type IMC [details]
Unknown type IMC [details]
Unknown type IMC Zev 7332/7 [details]
Unknown type IMC, geounit Indian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Unknown type IMC, geounit Myanmar Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
From editor or global species database
Biology zooxanthellate [details]Unreviewed
Description The surface is covered with small monticules, small conical projections or pyramids. This species has large monticules, 3 to 5 mm tall and either 4 - 5 mm in diameter, or elongated, reaching 10 to 20 mm long. The colony is irregular in shape and form, being part massive but often with a foliaceous skirt. Many colonies also support irregular, nearly ramose projections. The species is widespread, being found in sheltered and moderately exposed habitats in particular, but also occurring from 10 to 25 m deep on exposed reef slopes. It is the less abundant of the two Hydnophora species, and is never common. Its living tissue is fairly fleshy, with visible tentacles in daytime (Sheppard, 1998).Colonies are submassive, encrusting or sub-arborescent with much of this variation occurring in the one colony. Hydnophores are 5-8 mm in diameter. Colour: cream or dull green. Abundance: common, especially in lagoons and on protected reef slopes (Veron, 1986).
Characterised by a surface decorated with attractive conical, upright cones (hydnophores) and short ridges, 4-20 mm long and 3-5 mm tall. Grows as an encrustation with a tangle of short lumpy branches. Colour: pale creamy brown with light green valleys. Habitat: sheltered reefs and lagoons (Richmond, 1997).
Tropical Indo-Pacific in Kalk (1958). [details]
Type locality "Indian Ocean" (Veron, 1986).
Family 'Faviidae' in Kalk (1958). [details]
To Barcode of Life (17 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (10 publications) (from synonym Hydnophora polygonata (Lamarck, 1816))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Hydnophora maldivensis Gardiner, 1904)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (34 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (9 publications) (from synonym Hydnophora tenella Quelch, 1886)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Hydnophora exesa)
To Fishipedia
To GenBank (49 nucleotides; 50 proteins)
To GenBank (49 nucleotides; 50 proteins) (from synonym Hydnophora contignatio (Forskål, 1775))
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (1 record) (from synonym Hydnophora contignatio (Forskål, 1775))
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (1 record) (from synonym Hydnophora tenella Quelch, 1886)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (72 records)
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (10 publications) (from synonym Hydnophora polygonata (Lamarck, 1816))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Hydnophora maldivensis Gardiner, 1904)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (34 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (9 publications) (from synonym Hydnophora tenella Quelch, 1886)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Hydnophora exesa)
To Fishipedia
To GenBank (49 nucleotides; 50 proteins)
To GenBank (49 nucleotides; 50 proteins) (from synonym Hydnophora contignatio (Forskål, 1775))
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (1 record) (from synonym Hydnophora contignatio (Forskål, 1775))
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (1 record) (from synonym Hydnophora tenella Quelch, 1886)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (72 records)
To ITIS
